{"id":1784,"date":"2019-06-03T22:21:34","date_gmt":"2019-06-03T13:21:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/141.164.34.82\/?p=1784"},"modified":"2019-06-03T23:01:08","modified_gmt":"2019-06-03T14:01:08","slug":"%ea%b3%b5%ec%8b%9d%ec%97%90%ec%84%9c-cbind","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/?p=1784","title":{"rendered":"\uacf5\uc2dd\uc5d0\uc11c cbind"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub2e4\uc591\ud558\uac8c \ud65c\uc6a9\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 <code>cbind()<\/code>\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc54c\uc544\ubd05\ub2c8\ub2e4. <\/p>\n<h2><code>lm<\/code><\/h2>\n<p>formula\ub294 \ubaa8\ud615\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c(model specification) \uc790\uc8fc \uc4f0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub54c \uc8fc\uc758\ud560 \uc810\uc740 \ubaa8\ud615 \uc548\uc758 <code>+<\/code>\uac00 \uc0b0\uc220\uc758 \ub354\ud558\uae30\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c\ub294 \uc810\uc774\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub2e8\uc9c0 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ubcc0\uc218\ub4e4\uc774 \uc124\uba85 \ubcc0\uc218 \ub610\ub294 \ub3c5\ub9bd \ubcc0\uc218\ub85c \uc4f0\uc774\ub294\uc9c0\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0c5\ub2c8\ub2e4. <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"r\">data(mtcars)\nhead(mtcars)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre>##                    mpg cyl disp  hp drat    wt  qsec vs am gear carb\n## Mazda RX4         21.0   6  160 110 3.90 2.620 16.46  0  1    4    4\n## Mazda RX4 Wag     21.0   6  160 110 3.90 2.875 17.02  0  1    4    4\n## Datsun 710        22.8   4  108  93 3.85 2.320 18.61  1  1    4    1\n## Hornet 4 Drive    21.4   6  258 110 3.08 3.215 19.44  1  0    3    1\n## Hornet Sportabout 18.7   8  360 175 3.15 3.440 17.02  0  0    3    2\n## Valiant           18.1   6  225 105 2.76 3.460 20.22  1  0    3    1\n<\/pre>\n<pre><code class=\"r\">fit &lt;- lm(qsec ~ cyl + wt,\n          data=mtcars)\nsummary(fit)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre>## \n## Call:\n## lm(formula = qsec ~ cyl + wt, data = mtcars)\n## \n## Residuals:\n##      Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max \n## -2.25369 -0.96105  0.07677  0.80139  2.57644 \n## \n## Coefficients:\n##             Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(&gt;|t|)    \n## (Intercept)  20.7434     0.8154  25.439  &lt; 2e-16 ***\n## cyl          -1.1730     0.1972  -5.949 1.83e-06 ***\n## wt            1.3563     0.3599   3.769 0.000747 ***\n## ---\n## Signif. codes:  0 &#39;***&#39; 0.001 &#39;**&#39; 0.01 &#39;*&#39; 0.05 &#39;.&#39; 0.1 &#39; &#39; 1\n## \n## Residual standard error: 1.221 on 29 degrees of freedom\n## Multiple R-squared:  0.5634, Adjusted R-squared:  0.5333 \n## F-statistic: 18.71 on 2 and 29 DF,  p-value: 6.043e-06\n<\/pre>\n<p>\ub9cc\uc57d \uc0b0\uc220\uc758 \ub354\ud558\uae30\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\ub824\uba74 <code>I(a+b)<\/code>\uc640 \uac19\uc774 \uc368\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"r\">lm(qsec ~ cyl + wt,\n          data=mtcars)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre>## \n## Call:\n## lm(formula = qsec ~ cyl + wt, data = mtcars)\n## \n## Coefficients:\n## (Intercept)          cyl           wt  \n##      20.743       -1.173        1.356\n<\/pre>\n<pre><code class=\"r\">lm(qsec ~ I(cyl + wt),\n          data=mtcars)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre>## \n## Call:\n## lm(formula = qsec ~ I(cyl + wt), data = mtcars)\n## \n## Coefficients:\n## (Intercept)  I(cyl + wt)  \n##     20.8449      -0.3186\n<\/pre>\n<p>\uc704\uc758 \ub450 \ubaa8\ud615\uc758 \ucc28\uc774\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uc758 \ub450 \ud68c\uadc0\uc2dd\uc758 \ucc28\uc774\uc640 \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\\[\\textrm{qsec} = \\beta_0 + \\beta_1 \\textrm{cyl} + \\beta_2 \\textrm{wt}\\]<\/p>\n<p>\\[\\textrm{qsec} = \\beta_0 + \\beta_1 \\big(\\textrm{cyl} + \\textrm{wt}\\big)\\]<\/p>\n<p>\uc798 \uc54c\ub824\uc9c0\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 multivariate regression\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uacb0\uacfc \ubcc0\uc218\uac00 \ub458 \uc774\uc0c1\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 qsec\uc640 hp\ub97c cyl, wt\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc608\uce21\ud558\ub824\uba74 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \uc4f8 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"r\">lm(cbind(qsec, hp) ~ cyl + wt, \n   data =mtcars)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre>## \n## Call:\n## lm(formula = cbind(qsec, hp) ~ cyl + wt, data = mtcars)\n## \n## Coefficients:\n##              qsec     hp     \n## (Intercept)   20.743  -51.806\n## cyl           -1.173   31.388\n## wt             1.356    1.330\n<\/pre>\n<p>\uc5ec\uae30\uc11c <code>~<\/code>\uc758 \uc88c\uce21\uc5d0 <code>cbind()<\/code>\uac00 \uc4f0\uc600\uc74c\uc744 \uc720\uc758\ud569\uc2dc\ub2e4. <code>cbind()<\/code>\ub97c \uc0dd\ub7b5\ud558\uace0 <code>+<\/code>\ub97c \ud558\uba74 \uc804\ud600 \ub2e4\ub978 \ubaa8\ud615\uc774 \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"r\">lm(qsec+hp ~ cyl + wt,\n   data =mtcars)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre>## \n## Call:\n## lm(formula = qsec + hp ~ cyl + wt, data = mtcars)\n## \n## Coefficients:\n## (Intercept)          cyl           wt  \n##     -31.062       30.215        2.687\n<\/pre>\n<p>\ub450 \ubaa8\ud615\uc758 \ucc28\uc774\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ucd94\uc815\ud574\uc57c \ud560 \ud30c\ub77c\uba54\ud130\uc758 \uc218\uac00 6\uac1c\uc640 3\uac1c\ub85c \ud070 \ucc28\uc774\uac00 \ub0a9\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\\[<br \/>\n\\begin{cases}<br \/>\n\\textrm{qsec} = \\beta_{10} + \\beta_{11} \\textrm{cyl} + \\beta_{12} \\textrm{wt}, \\<br \/>\n\\textrm{hp} = \\beta_{20} + \\beta_{21} \\textrm{cyl} + \\beta_{22}\\textrm{wt} \\<br \/>\n\\end{cases}<br \/>\n\\]<\/p>\n<p>\\[(\\textrm{qsec} + \\textrm{hp}) = \\beta_{0} + \\beta_1 \\textrm{cyl} + \\beta_2 \\textrm{wt}\\]<\/p>\n<p>\ub2e4\ubcc0\ub7c9 \uc120\ud615 \ud68c\uadc0(multivariate regression)\uc640 \ub450 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801\uc778 \uc120\ud615 \ud68c\uadc0\uc758 \ucc28\uc774\ub294 \ub2e4\ubcc0\uc218 \uc120\ud615 \ud68c\uadc0\ub294 \ub450 \uc120\ud615 \ud68c\uadc0\uc744 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uc9c4\ud589\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. <\/p>\n<p>\uadf8\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ud30c\ub77c\uba54\ud130\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uacf5\ubd84\uc0b0\ud589\ub82c\uc744 \uad6c\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"r\">fit &lt;- lm(cbind(qsec, hp) ~ cyl + wt, \n          data =mtcars)\nfit\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre>## \n## Call:\n## lm(formula = cbind(qsec, hp) ~ cyl + wt, data = mtcars)\n## \n## Coefficients:\n##              qsec     hp     \n## (Intercept)   20.743  -51.806\n## cyl           -1.173   31.388\n## wt             1.356    1.330\n<\/pre>\n<pre><code class=\"r\">vcov(fit)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre>##                  qsec:(Intercept)    qsec:cyl     qsec:wt hp:(Intercept)\n## qsec:(Intercept)       0.66491080 -0.06191005 -0.07312798     -12.943605\n## qsec:cyl              -0.06191005  0.03887647 -0.05552509       1.205183\n## qsec:wt               -0.07312798 -0.05552509  0.12951727       1.423559\n## hp:(Intercept)       -12.94360542  1.20518301  1.42355884     688.050657\n## hp:cyl                 1.20518301 -0.75679570  1.08088907     -64.064604\n## hp:wt                  1.42355884  1.08088907 -2.52127127     -75.672934\n##                       hp:cyl      hp:wt\n## qsec:(Intercept)   1.2051830   1.423559\n## qsec:cyl          -0.7567957   1.080889\n## qsec:wt            1.0808891  -2.521271\n## hp:(Intercept)   -64.0646043 -75.672934\n## hp:cyl            40.2294229 -57.457440\n## hp:wt            -57.4574404 134.024663\n<\/pre>\n<h3><code>aggregate<\/code><\/h3>\n<p>\uc9d1\uacc4 \ud568\uc218\uc778 <code>aggregate<\/code>\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 formula\ub97c \ud65c\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, <code>mtcars<\/code>\uc5d0\uc11c <code>cyl<\/code>\uc640 <code>vs<\/code>\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 <code>mpg<\/code>\uc758 \ud3c9\uade0\uc744 \uc54c\uace0 \uc2f6\ub2e4\uba74,<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"r\">aggregate(mpg ~ cyl + vs, data=mtcars, FUN= mean)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre>##   cyl vs      mpg\n## 1   4  0 26.00000\n## 2   6  0 20.56667\n## 3   8  0 15.10000\n## 4   4  1 26.73000\n## 5   6  1 19.12500\n<\/pre>\n<p>\uc774\ub97c \uc218\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\uba74 \\(\\mathbb{E[\\textrm{mpg} | \\textrm{cyl}, \\textrm{vs}]}\\) \uac00 \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubb3c\ub860 <code>FUN=<\/code>\uc744 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uc124\uc815\ud558\ub290\ub0d0\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ud3c9\uade0\uc744 \uad6c\ud560 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\uace0, \ucd5c\uc18c\uac12\uc744 \uad6c\ud560 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\uace0, \ubd84\uc0b0\uc744 \uad6c\ud560 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. <\/p>\n<p>\uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \\(\\mathbb{V}\\textrm{ar}[\\textrm{mpg} | \\textrm{cyl}, \\textrm{vs}]\\) \ub97c \uad6c\ud55c\ub2e4\uba74, <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"r\">aggregate(mpg ~ cyl + vs, data=mtcars, FUN= var)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre>##   cyl vs        mpg\n## 1   4  0         NA\n## 2   6  0  0.5633333\n## 3   8  0  6.5538462\n## 4   4  1 22.5445556\n## 5   6  1  2.6625000\n<\/pre>\n<p>\ub9cc\uc57d \ubcc0\uc218 <code>mpg<\/code> \ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c <code>disp<\/code>\uc758 \ubd84\uc0b0\ub3c4 \uac19\uc774 \uad6c\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ud55c\ub2e4\uba74, <code>cbind(, )<\/code>\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. <code>+<\/code>\ub97c \uc4f4\ub2e4\uba74 \uc0b0\uc220\uc801 \uc758\ubbf8\uc758 \ub354\ud558\uae30\uac00 \ub428\uc744 \uc720\uc758\ud558\uc138\uc694.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"r\">aggregate(cbind(mpg, disp) ~ cyl + vs, data=mtcars, FUN= var)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre>##   cyl vs        mpg      disp\n## 1   4  0         NA        NA\n## 2   6  0  0.5633333   75.0000\n## 3   8  0  6.5538462 4592.9523\n## 4   4  1 22.5445556  774.2107\n## 5   6  1  2.6625000 2001.9033\n<\/pre>\n<pre><code class=\"r\">aggregate(mpg + disp ~ cyl + vs, data=mtcars, FUN= var)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre>##   cyl vs mpg + disp\n## 1   4  0         NA\n## 2   6  0   88.56333\n## 3   8  0 4419.14923\n## 4   4  1  582.36278\n## 5   6  1 2102.44917\n<\/pre>\n<h3><code>matrix<\/code><\/h3>\n<p>\ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9\uc73c\ub85c \ud589\ub82c(\ub610\ub294 \ubc30\uc5f4)\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6d0\uc18c\ub97c \uc120\ud0dd\ud560 \ub54c\uc5d0\ub3c4 <code>cbind(, )<\/code>\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"r\">mat &lt;- matrix(1:16, 4, 4)\nmat\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre>##      [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]\n## [1,]    1    5    9   13\n## [2,]    2    6   10   14\n## [3,]    3    7   11   15\n## [4,]    4    8   12   16\n<\/pre>\n<p><code>mat[c(1,4), c(2,3)]<\/code>\uc740 \uc6d0\ub798 \ud589\ub82c\uc758 \uccab \ubc88\uc9f8, \ub124 \ubc88\uc9f8 \ud589\uacfc \ub450 \ubc88\uc9f8, \uc138 \ubc88\uc9f8 \uc5f4\uc744 \ub0a8\uae34 \\(2\\times 2\\)-\ud589\ub82c\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0c5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub807\ub2e4\uba74 \ud589\ub82c <code>mat<\/code>\uc758 \uc704\uce58 (1,2)\uc758 \uc6d0\uc18c\uc640 \uc704\uce58 (4,3)\uc758 \uc6d0\uc18c\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ud45c\ud604\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc744\uae4c\uc694?<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"r\">mat[rbind(c(1,2), c(4,3))]\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre>## [1]  5 12\n<\/pre>\n<p>\ub9cc\uc57d <code>plot(x, y)<\/code>\uc5d0\uc11c\uc640 \ube44\uc2b7\ud558\uac8c \ud589 \uc704\uce58\uc640 \uc5f4 \uc704\uce58\ub85c \uc6d0\uc18c\uc758 \uc704\uce58\ub97c \ud2b9\uc815\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ud55c\ub2e4\uba74, \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"r\">mat[cbind(c(1,4), c(2,3))]\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre>## [1]  5 12\n<\/pre>\n<h2>\uc815\ub9ac\/\uc694\uc57d<\/h2>\n<p>\uc5ec\uae30\uc11c\ub294 <code>matrix<\/code>\/<code>array<\/code>, <code>lm<\/code>, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 <code>aggregate<\/code>\uc5d0\uc11c \ud65c\uc6a9\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 <code>cbind<\/code>\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc54c\uc544 \ubcf4\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.[<sup>1]<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>[<sup>1]:<\/sup> \uc0ac\uc2e4 <code>matrix<\/code>\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80\ub97c \uc120\ud0dd\ud560 \ub54c \uc4f0\uc778 <code>cbind<\/code>\ub294 \ud568\uc218\uc774\uace0, <code>lm<\/code>\uacfc <code>aggregate<\/code>\uc758 <code>cbind<\/code>\ub294 \uacf5\uc2dd(formula) \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \uc4f0\uc5ec\uc11c \uc644\uc804\ud788 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub2e4\uc591\ud558\uac8c \ud65c\uc6a9\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 cbind()\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc54c\uc544\ubd05\ub2c8\ub2e4. lm formula\ub294 \ubaa8\ud615\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c(model specification) \uc790\uc8fc \uc4f0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub54c \uc8fc\uc758\ud560 \uc810\uc740 \ubaa8\ud615 \uc548\uc758 +\uac00 \uc0b0\uc220\uc758 \ub354\ud558\uae30\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c\ub294 \uc810\uc774\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub2e8\uc9c0 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ubcc0\uc218\ub4e4\uc774 \uc124\uba85 \ubcc0\uc218 \ub610\ub294 \ub3c5\ub9bd \ubcc0\uc218\ub85c \uc4f0\uc774\ub294\uc9c0\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0c5\ub2c8\ub2e4. data(mtcars) head(mtcars) ## mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb ## Mazda RX4 21.0 6 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1799,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[28,146,179],"tags":[55,46,49,314,45],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/rbind.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1784"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1784"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1784\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1801,"href":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1784\/revisions\/1801"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1799"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1784"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1784"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1784"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}