{"id":1857,"date":"2019-06-24T05:15:24","date_gmt":"2019-06-23T20:15:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/141.164.34.82\/?p=1857"},"modified":"2019-06-24T05:33:25","modified_gmt":"2019-06-23T20:33:25","slug":"%ea%b2%bd%eb%a1%9c-%eb%b6%84%ec%84%9d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/?p=1857","title":{"rendered":"\uacbd\ub85c \ubd84\uc11d"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\uacbd\ub85c \ubd84\uc11d\uc740 \uc778\uacfc \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ubc1d\ud600\ub0bc \uc218 \uc788\ub294\uac00?<\/h2>\n<p>\uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc624\ud574\ud558\ub294 \uac83 \uc911\uc758 \ud558\ub098\uac00 <strong>\uacbd\ub85c \ubd84\uc11d<\/strong> \ub610\ub294 <strong>\uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd\ubaa8\ud615<\/strong>\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uba74 \uc790\ub3d9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c <strong>\uc778\uacfc\uad00\uacc4<\/strong>\ub97c \uc54c\uc544\ub0bc \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ubc18\ub300\ucabd\uc758 \uadf9\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uad00\ucc30 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub85c\ub294 \uc808\ub300 \uc778\uacfc \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ubc1d\ud790 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc774\ub860\uc801\uc73c\ub85c <strong>\ubaa8\ud615\uc774 \uc815\ud655\ud558\ub2e4\uba74 \uad00\ucc30 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub85c\ub3c4 \uc778\uacfc\uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ubc1d\ud790 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/strong> (\uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \ubaa8\ud615\uc744 \uc815\ud655\ud558\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6b4\uc9c0 \uc798 \ubaa8\ub978\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ud568\uc815\uc774\ub2e4.)<\/p>\n<p>\uc55e\uc120 \uc608\uc2dc\ub97c \ub2e4\uc2dc \ubcf4\uc790.<\/p>\n<h3>\uc608\uc2dc: \uc720\uc804\uc790-\ud0a4-\uadfc\ub825-\uae30\ub7c9\uc758 \uad00\uacc4<\/h3>\n<p>(\uc9c0\ub09c \uae00\uacfc \ub3d9\uc77c\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.)<\/p>\n<p>\uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ub18d\uad6c \uc120\uc218\uc758 \uae30\ub7c9\uc774 \ud0a4\uc640 \uadfc\ub825\uc73c\ub85c \uacb0\uc815\ub09c\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud574\ubcf4\uc790. (\uc774\ub294 \uc778\uacfc\uad00\uacc4 \ubaa8\ud615\uc774\ub2e4.)<\/p>\n<p>\\[\\textrm{ability} = \\beta_0 + \\beta_1 \\textrm{height} + \\beta_2 \\textrm{power} + e\\]<\/p>\n<p>\uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \ud0a4( \\(\\textrm{height}\\) )\uacfc \uadfc\ub825( \\(\\textrm{power}\\) )\uc740 \uc0c1\uad00\uad00\uacc4\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc778\uacfc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubcfc \ub54c \uc774\ub294 \uacf5\ud1b5\uc758 \uc720\uc804\uc790( \\(\\textrm{gene}\\) )\uac00 \ud0a4\uc640 \uadfc\ub825\uc5d0 \uad00\uacc4\ud558\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc720\uc804\uc790\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ud070 \ud0a4\uc758 \uc120\uc218\ub294 \ub300\uccb4\ub85c \uadfc\ub825\ub3c4<br \/>\n\ud3c9\uade0\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uac15\ud55c \uacbd\ud5a5\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc774\ub7f0 \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c \uae30\ub7c9( \\(\\textrm{ability}\\) )\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc778\uacfc\uad00\uacc4 \ubaa8\ud615\uc744 \ud0a4( \\(\\textrm{height}\\) )\ub9cc\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud574\uc11c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\uba74 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\\[\\textrm{ability} = \\beta_0 + \\beta_1 \\textrm{height} + e&#8217;\\]<\/p>\n<p>\uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc704\uc758 \uc2dd\uc5d0\uc11c \\(e&#8217;\\) \ub294 \uc55e \uc120 \uc2dd\uc5d0\uc11c \\(\\beta_2 \\textrm{power} + e\\) \uc640 \uac19\ub2e4. \uc55e\uc5d0\uc11c \uadfc\ub825\uc740 \ud0a4\uc640 \uc0c1\uad00 \uad00\uacc4\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \ud588\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc778\uacfc\uad00\uacc4 \ubaa8\ud615 \\(\\textrm{ability} = \\beta_0 + \\beta_1 \\textrm{height} + e&#8217;\\) \uc5d0\uc11c \uc124\uba85\ubcc0\uc218 \\(\\textrm{height}\\) \uc640 \uc624\ucc28\ud56d \\(e&#8217;\\) \uc5d0\ub294 \uc0c1\uad00\uad00\uacc4\uac00 \uc874\uc7ac\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ub9cc\uc57d \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \uc790\ub8cc\ub97c \uc608\uce21 \ubaa8\ud615\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\uba74 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\\[\\textrm{ability} = \\beta_0 + {\\beta_1}\u2018 \\textrm{height} + {e\u2019}\u2018\\]<\/p>\n<p>\uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \\({e\u2019}\u2018\\) \ub294 \uc55e\uc758 \\(e\\) \ub610\ub294 \\(e\u2019\\) \uacfc \ub2e4\ub978 \uac12\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\uae30 \ub9c8\ub828\uc774\uace0, \\(\\beta_1&#8217;\\) \uc5ed\uc2dc \\(\\beta_1\\) \ubcf4\ub2e4 \ucee4\uc9c0\ub294 \uacbd\ud5a5\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4. (\uc5ec\uae30\uc11c\ub294 \ud0a4\uc640 \uadfc\ub825\uc774 \uc591\uc758 \uc0c1\uad00\uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uac00\uc9c4\ub2e4\ub294 \uac00\uc815\uc744 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4.) \uc65c\ub0d0\ud558\uba74 \uc778\uacfc\uad00\uacc4 \ubaa8\ud615 \\(\\textrm{ability} = \\beta_0 + \\beta_1 \\textrm{height} + \\beta_2 \\textrm{power} + e\\) \uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74 \uae30\ub7c9\uc740 \ud0a4\uc640 \uadfc\ub825\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc88c\uc6b0\ub418\ub294\ub370, \ud0a4\uac00 \ud070 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \uadfc\ub825\ub3c4 \uac15\ud558\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \ud0a4\uc758 \ud5a5\uc0c1( \\(\\beta_1\\) )\uacfc \uadfc\ub825 \ud5a5\uc0c1( \\(\\beta_2\\) )\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uae30\ub7c9 \ud5a5\uc0c1\uc758 \ud6a8\uacfc\ub97c \ubaa8\ub450 \ub204\ub9ac\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \ud0a4\ub9cc\uc744 \uc99d\uac00\uc2dc\ucf30\uc744 \ub54c \uae30\ub300\ub418\ub294 \uae30\ub7c9\uc758 \ud5a5\uc0c1\uc740 \\(\\beta_1\\) \ubfd0\uc774\ub2e4(\uc5ec\uae30\uc11c\ub294 \uc778\uc704\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud0a4\ub97c \uc99d\uac00\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \uac00\uc815\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ud0a4\ub192\uc774 \ub18d\uad6c\ud654\ub77c\ub358\uc9c0\u2026).<\/p>\n<h2>\ub450 \uac00\uc9c0 \ubaa8\ud615<\/h2>\n<p><img src=\"http:\/\/141.164.34.82\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/lm_04_endogeneity.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>\uc778\uacfc\uad00\uacc4 \ubaa8\ud615<\/h3>\n<p>\uc55e\uc5d0\uc11c \uae00\uc5d0\uc11c \uc124\uba85\ud588\ub4ef\uc774 \uc608\uce21 \ubaa8\ud615\uc740 \ud0a4\uc640 \uc624\ucc28\uc758 \uc0c1\uad00\uad00\uacc4\ub97c 0\uc73c\ub85c \ub193\uace0 \ud0a4\ub85c \uc124\uba85\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ubd80\ubd84\uc744 \ud0a4\uc758 \ud68c\uadc0 \uacc4\uc218\ub85c \ucd94\uc815\ud55c\ub2e4. \ub9cc\uc57d <strong>\ub0b4\uc0dd\uc131(\uc124\uba85\ubcc0\uc218\uc640 \uc624\ucc28\uc758 \uc0c1\uad00\uad00\uacc4)<\/strong>\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud55c\ub2e4\uba74 \uc774 \ucd94\uc815\uac12\uc740 \uc778\uacfc\uad00\uacc4 \uacc4\uc218\uc744 \uacfc\ub300 \ud639\uc740 \uacfc\uc18c \ucd94\uc815\ud558\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ub9cc\uc57d \uc124\uba85\ubcc0\uc218\uc640 \uc624\ucc28\uc758 \uacf5\ubd84\uc0b0\uc744 \uc54c\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\uba74, \uacbd\ub85c\ubd84\uc11d\uc744 \uc368\uc11c \uc774\ub97c \ubaa8\ud615\uc5d0 \ubc18\uc601\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub2e4\uc74c\uc744 \ubcf4\uc790.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"r\">set.seed(1)\r\nN &lt;- 1000\r\ngene &lt;- rnorm(N)\r\npower &lt;- gene + (e1 = rnorm(N))\r\nheight &lt;- 180 + 5*gene + (e2 = rnorm(N))\r\nability &lt;- power + height\/10 + (e3 = rnorm(N))\r\n#summary(lm(ability ~ height)) # \uc608\uce21 \ubaa8\ud615\r\n#summary(lm(ability ~ height + power)) # \uc6d0\uc778 \uacb0\uacfc \ubaa8\ud615\r\ncov(height, power + e3)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre>## [1] 5.604122\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>\uc2dc\ubbac\ub808\uc774\uc158 \uc790\ub8cc\uc5d0 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\ub294 \ud0a4\uc640 \uc778\uacfc\uad00\uacc4 \uc624\ucc28\uc640\uc758 \uacf5\ubd84\uc0b0\uc740 5.6\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\ub97c \ubc18\uc601\ud558\uc5ec \ubaa8\ud615\uc744 \uad6c\uc131\ud558\uace0 \uacbd\ub85c \ubd84\uc11d\uc744 \uc2e4\uc2dc\ud574\ubcf4\uc790.<sup>[1]<\/sup><\/p>\n<p><sup>[1]<\/sup> : \ubb3c\ub860 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c \uc124\uba85\ubcc0\uc218\uc640 \uc624\ucc28\uc758 \uacf5\ubd84\uc0b0\uc744 \uc815\ud655\ud788 \uc54c\uae30 \ud798\ub4e4 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"r\">causalModel &lt;- '\r\nability ~ height\r\nability ~~ b4*height\r\nb4 == 5.6'\r\n\r\ndat = data.frame(gene=gene, power=power, height=height, ability=ability)\r\nlibrary(lavaan)\r\nfit &lt;- sem(causalModel, data=dat)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><code>causalModel<\/code>\uc5d0\uc11c <code>ability ~~ b4*height<\/code>\ub294 <code>ability<\/code>\uc758 \uc624\ucc28\uc640 <code>height<\/code> \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \uacf5\ubd84\uc0b0\uc774 <code>b4<\/code>\uc784\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\uace0, \ub2e4\uc74c \uc904 <code>b4==5.6<\/code>\uc740 \uc774 \uacf5\ubd84\uc0b0\uc744 5.6\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\uc815\uc2dc\ucf1c \ub450\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"r\">summary(fit)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre>## lavaan 0.6-3 ended normally after 17 iterations\r\n## \r\n##   Optimization method                           NLMINB\r\n##   Number of free parameters                          4\r\n##   Number of equality constraints                     1\r\n## \r\n##   Number of observations                          1000\r\n## \r\n##   Estimator                                         ML\r\n##   Model Fit Test Statistic                       0.000\r\n##   Degrees of freedom                                 0\r\n## \r\n## Parameter Estimates:\r\n## \r\n##   Information                                 Expected\r\n##   Information saturated (h1) model          Structured\r\n##   Standard Errors                             Standard\r\n## \r\n## Regressions:\r\n##                    Estimate  Std.Err  z-value  P(&gt;|z|)\r\n##   ability ~                                           \r\n##     height            0.100    0.013    7.991    0.000\r\n## \r\n## Covariances:\r\n##                    Estimate  Std.Err  z-value  P(&gt;|z|)\r\n##  .ability ~~                                          \r\n##     height    (b4)    5.600                           \r\n## \r\n## Variances:\r\n##                    Estimate  Std.Err  z-value  P(&gt;|z|)\r\n##    .ability           3.326    0.111   29.988    0.000\r\n##     height           28.338    1.267   22.361    0.000\r\n## \r\n## Constraints:\r\n##                                                |Slack|\r\n##     b4 - (5.6)                                   0.000\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>\ubd84\uc11d \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \ubcf4\uba74 <code>Regressions: ability~height<\/code>\uc758 \uacc4\uc218\uac00 0.1\ub85c \uc778\uacfc\uad00\uacc4 \uacc4\uc218\ub97c \uc815\ud655\ud558\uac8c \ucd94\uc815\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.(\uc774\ub807\uac8c \uc815\ud655\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \uacf5\ubd84\uc0b0\uc744 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc790\ub8cc\uc5d0\uc11c \uacc4\uc0b0\ud588\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \ubcf4\ud1b5\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub294 \uacf5\ubd84\uc0b0\uc744 \uc815\ud655\ud558\uac8c \uc54c\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \uc774 \uc815\ub3c4\ub85c \uc815\ud655\ud558\uac8c \ucd94\uc815\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c\ub2e4.)<\/p>\n<h3>\uc608\uce21 \ubaa8\ud615<\/h3>\n<p>\uc0ac\uc2e4 \uc608\uce21 \ubaa8\ud615\ub3c4 \uc778\uacfc\uad00\uacc4 \ubaa8\ud615\uacfc \ud06c\uac8c \ub2e4\ub974\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"r\">predModel &lt;- '\r\nability ~ height\r\nability ~~ b4*height\r\nb4 == 0'\r\n\r\nlibrary(lavaan)\r\nfit2 &lt;- sem(predModel, data=dat)\r\n\r\nsummary(fit2)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre>## lavaan 0.6-3 ended normally after 12 iterations\r\n## \r\n##   Optimization method                           NLMINB\r\n##   Number of free parameters                          4\r\n##   Number of equality constraints                     1\r\n## \r\n##   Number of observations                          1000\r\n## \r\n##   Estimator                                         ML\r\n##   Model Fit Test Statistic                       0.000\r\n##   Degrees of freedom                                 0\r\n##   Minimum Function Value               0.0000000000000\r\n## \r\n## Parameter Estimates:\r\n## \r\n##   Information                                 Expected\r\n##   Information saturated (h1) model          Structured\r\n##   Standard Errors                             Standard\r\n## \r\n## Regressions:\r\n##                    Estimate  Std.Err  z-value  P(&gt;|z|)\r\n##   ability ~                                           \r\n##     height            0.298    0.009   33.620    0.000\r\n## \r\n## Covariances:\r\n##                    Estimate  Std.Err  z-value  P(&gt;|z|)\r\n##  .ability ~~                                          \r\n##     height    (b4)    0.000                           \r\n## \r\n## Variances:\r\n##                    Estimate  Std.Err  z-value  P(&gt;|z|)\r\n##    .ability           2.220    0.099   22.361    0.000\r\n##     height           28.338    1.267   22.361    0.000\r\n## \r\n## Constraints:\r\n##                                                |Slack|\r\n##     b4 - 0                                       0.000\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>\ub2e8\uc9c0 (\uc778\uacfc\uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc904 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294) <strong>\uc778\uacfc\uad00\uacc4 \ubaa8\ud615\uc73c\ub85c \ubd80\uc801\ud569\ud55c \ubaa8\ud615<\/strong>\uc77c \ubfd0\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2>\uc778\uacfc \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uc54c\uc544\ub0b4\ub294 \ub2e4\ub978 \ubc29\ubc95\ub4e4<\/h2>\n<p>\ub9cc\uc57d <code>height<\/code>\uc640 \uc624\ucc28\uc758 \uc0c1\uad00\uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uc815\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \ucd94\uc815\uc744 \ud558\ub824\uba74 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uacb0\uacfc\uac00 \ub098\uc628\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"r\">causalModel2 &lt;- '\r\nability ~ height\r\nability ~~ b4*height\r\n'\r\n\r\nlibrary(lavaan)\r\nfit3 &lt;- sem(causalModel2, data=dat)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre>## Warning in lav_model_vcov(lavmodel = lavmodel, lavsamplestats = lavsamplestats, : lavaan WARNING:\r\n##     Could not compute standard errors! The information matrix could\r\n##     not be inverted. This may be a symptom that the model is not\r\n##     identified.\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>\uc774\ub7f0 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \uc9c0\ub09c \ubc88 \uc2dc\uac04\uc5d0 \ub0b4\uc0dd\uc131\uc5d0 \ub300\ucc98\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\ub4e4\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud558\ub2e4. \uc544\ub798\uc758 \uc138 \ubc88\uc9f8 \ubc29\ubc95\uc774 \uc704\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud55c \ubc29\ubc95\uc774\ub2e4.<sup>[2]<\/sup> \uacb0\ub860\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub9d0\ud558\uba74, <strong>\uc815\ubcf4\uac00 \ub354 \ud544\uc694\ud574!<\/strong> \ucbe4\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\ub9ac\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p><sup>[2]<\/sup> : \uacbd\ub85c \ubd84\uc11d\uc740 \uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd\ubaa8\ud615(SEM; Structural Equation Modeling)\uc758 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud55c \ud615\ud0dc\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h3>\ub0b4\uc0dd\uc131\uc774 \ub300\ucc98\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\uc704\uc5d0\uc11c \uc778\uacfc \uad00\uacc4\uac00 \uc788\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ubcc0\uc218(\ud0a4, \uadfc\ub825)\uc744 \ubaa8\ub450 \ud68c\uadc0 \ubaa8\ud615\uc5d0 \ub123\uc740 \uac83\ucc98\ub7fc \uad00\ub828\ub41c \ud1b5\uc81c \ubcc0\uc218\ub97c \ud68c\uadc0 \ubaa8\ud615\uc5d0 \ucd94\uac00\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li>\ub3c4\uad6c \ubcc0\uc218(Instrumental Variable)\uc744 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \ub3c4\uad6c \ubcc0\uc218\ub780 \ub0b4\uc0dd\uc131 \uc788\ub294 \uc124\uba85\ubcc0\uc218\uc640 \uc0c1\uad00\uad00\uacc4\uac00 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc624\ucc28\ud56d\uacfc\ub294 \uc0c1\uad00\uad00\uacc4\uac00 \uc5c6\ub294 \ubcc0\uc218\ub97c \uc758\ubbf8\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li>SEM(Structural Equation Modeling)<sup>[3]<\/sup> \ub610\ub294 GSEM(Generalized Structural Equation Modeling)\uc744 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc624\ucc28 \uc0c1\uad00\uc744 \ubaa8\ud615\ud654\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li>GMM(Generalized Method of Moments)\ub97c \ud65c\uc6a9\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><sup>[3]<\/sup> : SEM\uc774\ub780 \uc57d\uc5b4\ub97c \uc4f0\ub294 \uc6a9\uc5b4\ub294 \ub0b4\uac00 \uc544\ub294 \uac83\ub9cc\ub3c4 3\uac1c\uc774\ub2e4. \uc55e\uc5d0\uc11c \uc124\uba85\ud55c \uad50\uc721\ud559, \uc0ac\ud68c\ud559, \uc2ec\ub9ac\ud559 \ub4f1\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9ce\uc774 \uc4f0\ub294 \uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd\ubaa8\ud615. \uacc4\ub7c9 \uacbd\uc81c\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 <strong>S<\/strong>imultaneous <strong>E<\/strong>quations <strong>M<\/strong>odel(\uc5f0\ub9bd\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd \ubaa8\ud615). \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uce21\uc815\uc758 \uc2e0\ub8b0\ub3c4\uc640 \ubc00\uc811\ud55c <strong>S<\/strong>tandard <strong>E<\/strong>rror of <strong>M<\/strong>easurement(\uce21\uc815\ud45c\uc900\uc624\ucc28).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\uacbd\ub85c \ubd84\uc11d\uc740 \uc778\uacfc \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ubc1d\ud600\ub0bc \uc218 \uc788\ub294\uac00? \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc624\ud574\ud558\ub294 \uac83 \uc911\uc758 \ud558\ub098\uac00 \uacbd\ub85c \ubd84\uc11d \ub610\ub294 \uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd\ubaa8\ud615\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uba74 \uc790\ub3d9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\uacfc\uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uc54c\uc544\ub0bc \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ubc18\ub300\ucabd\uc758 \uadf9\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uad00\ucc30 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub85c\ub294 \uc808\ub300 \uc778\uacfc \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ubc1d\ud790 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc774\ub860\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubaa8\ud615\uc774 \uc815\ud655\ud558\ub2e4\uba74 \uad00\ucc30 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub85c\ub3c4 \uc778\uacfc\uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ubc1d\ud790 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. (\uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \ubaa8\ud615\uc744 \uc815\ud655\ud558\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1864,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[146,319],"tags":[345,334,333,321,338,335,336,337],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/lm_07_pathAnalysis_CausalModel.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1857"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1857"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1857\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1865,"href":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1857\/revisions\/1865"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1864"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1857"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1857"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1857"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}