IEEE\ub294 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers\uc758 \uc57d\uc790\uc774\uba70 \ubcf4\ud1b5 I-Triple-E(\uc544\uc774 \ud2b8\ub9ac\ud50c \uc774)\ub77c\uace0 \uc77d\ub294\ub2e4. AAA \uac74\uc804\uc9c0\ub294 \uc601\uc5b4\uad8c \ub098\ub77c\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf4\ud1b5 triple A\ub77c\uace0 \uc77d\ub294\ub2e4. NCAA\ub294 \ubcf4\ud1b5 N-C-Double-A\ub77c\uace0 \uc77d\ub294\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub807\ub2e4\uace0 “\ud589\ub82c,\ud589\ub82c,\ud589\ub82c"\uc744 "\uc138 \ud589\ub82c"\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uc77d\uc5b4\uc57c \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ub370\uc774\ud130 \ud504\ub808\uc784\uc744 \ud589\ub82c\ub85c \ubc14\uafb8\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uc758 \uc138 \ud568\uc218\ub97c \ube44\uad50\/\uc124\uba85\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
as.matrix<\/code> : \ud589\ub82c\ub85c<\/li>\ndata.matrix<\/code> : \uc790\ub8cc \ud589\ub82c\ub85c<\/li>\nmodel.matrix<\/code> : \ubaa8\ud615 \ud589\ub82c\ub85c <\/li>\n<\/ul>\nR\uc758 \ud568\uc218 \ud655\uc778\ud558\uae30<\/h3>\n
builtins()<\/code> \ud568\uc218\ub294 R\uc758 \ub0b4\uc7a5<\/strong> \ud568\uc218\uc640 \ubcc0\uc218 \ub4f1(\uac1d\uccb4)\uc744 \ub098\uc5f4\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\nlibrary(magrittr)\nbuiltins() %>% summary()\nbuiltins() %>% head(20)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n## Length Class Mode \n## 1345 character character \n## [1] "zapsmall" "xzfile" \n## [3] "xtfrm.Surv" "xtfrm.POSIXlt" \n## [5] "xtfrm.POSIXct" "xtfrm.numeric_version"\n## [7] "xtfrm.factor" "xtfrm.difftime" \n## [9] "xtfrm.default" "xtfrm.Date" \n## [11] "xtfrm.AsIs" "xtfrm" \n## [13] "xpdrows.data.frame" "xor" \n## [15] "writeLines" "writeChar" \n## [17] "writeBin" "write.dcf" \n## [19] "write" "withVisible"\n<\/pre>\n\ucd1d 1345\uac1c\uc758 \uac1d\uccb4 \uc911 matrix<\/code>\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0\ub97c \uac78\ub7ec\ub0b4\uba74 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\ub2e4. <\/p>\nlibrary(stringr)\n\nobj <- builtins()\nobj %>% str_extract(".*matrix.*") %>% sort\n#sort(obj[grepl("matrix", obj)])\n<\/code><\/pre>\n## [1] "anyDuplicated.matrix" "as.data.frame.matrix" \n## [3] "as.data.frame.model.matrix" "as.matrix" \n## [5] "as.matrix.data.frame" "as.matrix.default" \n## [7] "as.matrix.noquote" "as.matrix.POSIXlt" \n## [9] "data.matrix" "determinant.matrix" \n## [11] "duplicated.matrix" "is.matrix" \n## [13] "isSymmetric.matrix" "matrix" \n## [15] "prmatrix" "subset.matrix" \n## [17] "summary.matrix" "unique.matrix"\n<\/pre>\nsummary.matrix<\/code>\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \ud568\uc218\ub294 \uc81c\ub108\ub9ad \ud568\uc218 summary<\/code>\uac00 matrix<\/code>\uc5d0 \uc801\uc6a9\ub418\uc5c8\uc744 \ub54c \uc791\ub3d9\ub418\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc744 \uacb0\uc815\ud55c\ub2e4. <\/p>\nstats<\/code> \ud328\ud0a4\uc9c0\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 matrix<\/code>\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\ub294 \ud568\uc218 \uc774\ub984\uc744 \ucc3e\uc544\ubcf8\ub2e4.<\/p>\nobj_stats <- ls("package:stats")\nobj_stats %>% str_extract(".*matrix.*") %>% sort\n#sort(obj_stats[grepl("matrix", obj_stats)])\n<\/code><\/pre>\n## [1] "model.matrix" "model.matrix.default" "model.matrix.lm"\n<\/pre>\n\uc5ec\uae30\uc11c\ub294 \ud328\ud0a4\uc9c0 stats<\/code>\uc758 matrix<\/code> \uad00\ub828 \ud568\uc218\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\uc5ec \ub2e4\uc74c\uc758 \uc138 \ud568\uc218\ub97c \ube44\uad50 \uc124\uba85\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\nas.matrix<\/code><\/li>\ndata.matrix<\/code><\/li>\nmodel.matrix<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\nas.matrix<\/code><\/h3>\nas.matrix<\/code>\ub294 \ub9d0 \uadf8\ub300\ub85c \ud589\ub82c\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4e0\ub2e4. \ud589\ub82c\uc758 \uc8fc\uc694 \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc758 \ud558\ub098\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc6d0\uc18c\uc758 \ud0c0\uc785\uc774 \uac19\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc774\ub2e4. \ud589\ub82c\uc740 \ucc38\/\uac70\uc9d3, \uc815\uc218, \uc2e4\uc218, \ub610\ub294 \ubb38\uc790\uc5f4\uc744 \ub2f4\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc774\ub4e4\uc744 \uc11e\uc5b4\uc11c \ub2f4\uc744 \uc21c \uc5c6\ub2e4. <\/p>\na <- matrix(1:4, 2, 2)\na\n<\/code><\/pre>\n## [,1] [,2]\n## [1,] 1 3\n## [2,] 2 4\n<\/pre>\na[1,1] = 'a'\na\n<\/code><\/pre>\n## [,1] [,2]\n## [1,] "a" "3" \n## [2,] "2" "4"\n<\/pre>\n\uc704\uc758 \uacb0\uacfc\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf4\ub4ef\uc774 \uc6d0\uc18c \ud558\ub098\ub97c \ubb38\uc790\uc5f4\ub85c \ubcc0\ud654\uc2dc\ud0a4\uc790 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc6d0\uc18c\uac00 \ubb38\uc790\uc5f4\ub85c \ubcc0\ud654\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
as.matrix<\/code>\ub294 \uc8fc\ub85c \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ud504\ub808\uc784\uc744 \ud589\ub82c\ub85c \ubcc0\ud658\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774\ub54c \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ud504\ub808\uc784\uc758 \ud55c \uc5f4\uc774\ub77c\ub3c4 \ubb38\uc790\uc5f4\uc774\ub77c\uba74 \ubcc0\ud658\ub41c \ud589\ub82c\uc740 \ubb38\uc790\uc5f4\uc774 \ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\nas.matrix(data.frame(x1=c(1,2), x2=c(2,4)))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n## x1 x2\n## [1,] 1 2\n## [2,] 2 4\n<\/pre>\nas.matrix(data.frame(x1=c(1,2), x2=c('a','b')))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n## x1 x2 \n## [1,] "1" "a"\n## [2,] "2" "b"\n<\/pre>\ndata.matrix<\/code><\/h3>\n\ud1b5\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub294 \uc8fc\ub85c \uc22b\uc790\uc774\ub2e4. \ubb38\uc790\ub370\uc774\ud130\uc758 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc740 \uc22b\uc790\ub85c \ubcc0\ud658\ub41c \ud6c4 \ubd84\uc11d\ub41c\ub2e4. <\/p>\n
data.matrix<\/code>\ub294 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ud504\ub808\uc784\uc744 \ubcc0\ud658\ud558\uc5ec \uc218\uce58\ud615 \ud589\ub82c\ub85c \ubc14\uafbc\ub2e4. \ub2e4\uc74c\uc758 \uc608\ub97c \ubcf4\uc790.<\/p>\ndat = data.frame(bool = c(TRUE, FALSE, FALSE),\n int = c(1,2,3),\n num = c(1.2, 4.3, -1.4),\n fac = factor(c('rock', 'scissor', 'rock')),\n str = c("don't look back", "go ahead", "no longer")\n ,stringsAsFactors=FALSE\n )\nas.matrix(dat)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n## bool int num fac str \n## [1,] " TRUE" "1" " 1.2" "rock" "don't look back"\n## [2,] "FALSE" "2" " 4.3" "scissor" "go ahead" \n## [3,] "FALSE" "3" "-1.4" "rock" "no longer"\n<\/pre>\ndata.matrix(dat)\nNAs introduced by coercion \nbool int num fac str\n[1,] 1 1 1.2 1 NA\n[2,] 0 2 4.3 2 NA\n[3,] 0 3 -1.4 1 NA\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\uc704\uc758 \uacb0\uacfc\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf4\ub4ef\uc774 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc790\ub8cc\ud615\uc774 \ud63c\ud569\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub294 dat<\/code>\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 as.matrix()<\/code> \uacb0\uacfc\ub294 \ubb38\uc790\ud615 \ud589\ub82c\uc774\uace0, model.matrix()<\/code>\uc758 \uacb0\uacfc\ub294 \uc218\uce58\ud615 \ud589\ub82c\uc774\ub2e4. (\uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ubb38\uc790\uc5f4 \uc790\ub8cc\ub294 NA<\/code>\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.)<\/p>\nmodel.matrix<\/code><\/h3>\nmodel.matrix<\/code>\ub294 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ud504\ub808\uc784\uc744 \uc120\ud615 \ubaa8\ud615 \\(\\vec{y} = \\mathbf{X}\\vec{\\beta} + \\vec{e}\\) \uc758 \\(\\mathbf{X}\\) \uc5d0 \uc801\ud569\ud55c \ud589\ub82c\ub85c \ubcc0\ud658\uc2dc\ucf1c\uc900\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\uac00\uc7a5 \uae30\ubcf8\uc801\uc778 \ud65c\uc6a9\ubc95\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
dat1 = data.frame(x1 = rnorm(4),\n f1 = factor(c("yes", "no", "dont know", "no")))\n(mm <- model.matrix(~., dat1))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n## (Intercept) x1 f1no f1yes\n## 1 1 -1.0733481 0 1\n## 2 1 0.9378294 1 0\n## 3 1 0.1460410 0 0\n## 4 1 -0.8485989 1 0\n## attr(,"assign")\n## [1] 0 1 2 2\n## attr(,"contrasts")\n## attr(,"contrasts")$f1\n## [1] "contr.treatment"\n<\/pre>\n\ubcf5\uc7a1\ud558\uac8c \ubcf4\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc \uacb0\uacfc\ub294 \ud589\ub82c\uc774\ub2e4. <\/p>\n
class(mm)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n## [1] "matrix"\n<\/pre>\n\ub2e8\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ub7ec\uac00\uc9c0 \uc18d\uc131(attributes<\/code>)\uac00 \ubd99\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\ud589\ub82c\ub9cc \ubcf4\uc790\uba74 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
mm2 <- mm\nattr(mm2, "assign") <- NULL\nattr(mm2, "contrasts") <- NULL\nmm2\n<\/code><\/pre>\n## (Intercept) x1 f1no f1yes\n## 1 1 -1.0733481 0 1\n## 2 1 0.9378294 1 0\n## 3 1 0.1460410 0 0\n## 4 1 -0.8485989 1 0\n<\/pre>\nmodel.matrix<\/code>\ub294 \uae30\ubcf8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc808\ud3b8(Intercept<\/code>)\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c \ubaa8\ud615\uc744 \uc0c1\uc815\ud55c\ub2e4. x1<\/code>\uc740 \uadf8\ub300\ub85c\uc774\uace0, f1no<\/code>, f1yes<\/code>\ub294 \ud329\ud130\ud615 f1<\/code>\uc744 \ub354\ubbf8\ucf54\ub529\ud55c \uacb0\uacfc\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\uc808\ud3b8\uc744 \uc81c\uc678\ud55c \ubaa8\ud615\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
model.matrix(~ . -1, dat1)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n## x1 f1dont know f1no f1yes\n## 1 -1.0733481 0 0 1\n## 2 0.9378294 0 1 0\n## 3 0.1460410 1 0 0\n## 4 -0.8485989 0 1 0\n## attr(,"assign")\n## [1] 1 2 2 2\n## attr(,"contrasts")\n## attr(,"contrasts")$f1\n## [1] "contr.treatment"\n<\/pre>\n\ubb38\uc790\ud615\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \ubb38\uc790\ud615\uc744 \uba3c\uc800 \ud329\ud130\ud615\uc73c\ub85c \ubcc0\ud658\ud55c\ub2e4. <\/p>\n
dat2 = data.frame(x1 = rnorm(4),\n f1 = factor(c("yes", "no", "dont know", "no")),\n s1 = c("Actually, ...",\n "No way, ...", \n "I dont think ...",\n "Overall, ..."),\n stringsAsFactors=FALSE\n)\nmodel.matrix(~ ., dat2)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n## (Intercept) x1 f1no f1yes s1I dont think ... s1No way, ...\n## 1 1 0.9040869 0 1 0 0\n## 2 1 -0.9824035 1 0 0 1\n## 3 1 -0.7942396 0 0 1 0\n## 4 1 0.6669408 1 0 0 0\n## s1Overall, ...\n## 1 0\n## 2 0\n## 3 0\n## 4 1\n## attr(,"assign")\n## [1] 0 1 2 2 3 3 3\n## attr(,"contrasts")\n## attr(,"contrasts")$f1\n## [1] "contr.treatment"\n## \n## attr(,"contrasts")$s1\n## [1] "contr.treatment"\n<\/pre>\n\ubb3c\ub860 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \uc790\ub8cc\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac00\uc9c0 \uc120\ud615 \ubaa8\ud615\uc744 \uc0c1\uc815\ud558\uace0 \ubaa8\ud615 \ud589\ub82c\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. <\/p>\n
model.matrix(~ . -1, dat1)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n## x1 f1dont know f1no f1yes\n## 1 -1.0733481 0 0 1\n## 2 0.9378294 0 1 0\n## 3 0.1460410 1 0 0\n## 4 -0.8485989 0 1 0\n## attr(,"assign")\n## [1] 1 2 2 2\n## attr(,"contrasts")\n## attr(,"contrasts")$f1\n## [1] "contr.treatment"\n<\/pre>\nmodel.matrix(~ x1, dat1)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n## (Intercept) x1\n## 1 1 -1.0733481\n## 2 1 0.9378294\n## 3 1 0.1460410\n## 4 1 -0.8485989\n## attr(,"assign")\n## [1] 0 1\n<\/pre>\nmodel.matrix(~ I(x1^2) - f1, dat1)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n## (Intercept) I(x1^2)\n## 1 1 1.15207619\n## 2 1 0.87952396\n## 3 1 0.02132797\n## 4 1 0.72012010\n## attr(,"assign")\n## [1] 0 1\n## attr(,"contrasts")\n## attr(,"contrasts")$f1\n## [1] "contr.treatment"\n<\/pre>\n#model.matrix(~ . - f1, dat1)\nmodel.matrix(~ . + I(x1^2), dat1)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n## (Intercept) x1 f1no f1yes I(x1^2)\n## 1 1 -1.0733481 0 1 1.15207619\n## 2 1 0.9378294 1 0 0.87952396\n## 3 1 0.1460410 0 0 0.02132797\n## 4 1 -0.8485989 1 0 0.72012010\n## attr(,"assign")\n## [1] 0 1 2 2 3\n## attr(,"contrasts")\n## attr(,"contrasts")$f1\n## [1] "contr.treatment"\n<\/pre>\n\ub9c8\ubb34\ub9ac<\/h3>\n
\uacb0\uacfc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc138 \ud568\uc218\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \uad6c\ubd84\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. <\/p>\n
\nas.matrix<\/code> : \ud589\ub82c\ub85c<\/li>\ndata.matrix<\/code> : \uc790\ub8cc \ud589\ub82c\ub85c(\uc218\uce58<\/strong> \ud589\ub82c\ub85c)<\/li>\nmodel.matrix<\/code> : \ubaa8\ud615 \ud589\ub82c\ub85c( \\(f(x)=\\mathbf{X}\\beta\\) \uc758 \\(\\mathbf{X}\\) \ub85c)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"IEEE\ub294 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers\uc758 \uc57d\uc790\uc774\uba70 \ubcf4\ud1b5 I-Triple-E(\uc544\uc774 \ud2b8\ub9ac\ud50c \uc774)\ub77c\uace0 \uc77d\ub294\ub2e4. AAA \uac74\uc804\uc9c0\ub294 \uc601\uc5b4\uad8c \ub098\ub77c\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf4\ud1b5 triple A\ub77c\uace0 \uc77d\ub294\ub2e4. NCAA\ub294 \ubcf4\ud1b5 N-C-Double-A\ub77c\uace0 \uc77d\ub294\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub807\ub2e4\uace0 “\ud589\ub82c,\ud589\ub82c,\ud589\ub82c"\uc744 "\uc138 \ud589\ub82c"\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uc77d\uc5b4\uc57c \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. R\uc758 \ud589\ub82c \uad00\ub828 \ud568\uc218 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ud504\ub808\uc784\uc744 \ud589\ub82c\ub85c \ubc14\uafb8\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uc758 \uc138 \ud568\uc218\ub97c \ube44\uad50\/\uc124\uba85\ud55c\ub2e4. as.matrix : \ud589\ub82c\ub85c data.matrix : \uc790\ub8cc \ud589\ub82c\ub85c model.matrix : \ubaa8\ud615 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1814,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[380,45,318],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/lm_01_03.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1966"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1966"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1966\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1968,"href":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1966\/revisions\/1968"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1814"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1966"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1966"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1966"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}