{"id":2190,"date":"2020-05-17T02:47:23","date_gmt":"2020-05-16T17:47:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/141.164.34.82\/?p=2190"},"modified":"2020-05-17T04:56:52","modified_gmt":"2020-05-16T19:56:52","slug":"metrics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/?p=2190","title":{"rendered":"Metrics"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\ud68c\uadc0 \ubaa8\ud615\uc758 \ud3c9\uac00 \uc9c0\ud45c<\/h2>\n<p>\ud68c\uadc0(regression) \ubaa8\ud615\uc744 \ud3c9\uac00\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95 \uc911 \uac00\uc7a5 \ub9ce\uc774 \uc4f0\uc774\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc740 \uc544\ub9c8\ub3c4 MAE\uc640 MSE\uc77c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>MAE(<strong>M<\/strong>ean <strong>A<\/strong>bsolute <strong>E<\/strong>rror)<\/li>\n<li>MSE(<strong>M<\/strong>ean <strong>S<\/strong>quared <strong>E<\/strong>rror)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\uc2e4\uc81c\uac12\uacfc \uc608\uce21\uac12\uc758 \ucc28\uc774\ub97c \uc624\ucc28(<strong>E<\/strong>rror)\ub77c\uace0 \ud55c\ub2e4\uba74, \uadf8 \uac12\uc5d0 \uc808\ub300\uac12(Absolute)\uc744 \ucde8\ud55c \ud6c4 \ud3c9\uade0(Mean)\uc744 \ud574\uc8fc\uba74 MAE\uac00 \ub418\uace0, \uc81c\uacf1(Square)\uc744 \ud55c \ud6c4 \ud3c9\uade0(Mean)\uc744 \ucde8\ud558\uba74 MSE\uac00 \ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\\[\\textrm{MAE} = \\frac{\\sum_{i=1}^N |y_i &#8211; \\hat{y_i}|}{N}\\]<\/p>\n<p>\\[\\textrm{MSE} = \\frac{\\sum_{i=1}^N (y_i &#8211; \\hat{y_i})^2}{N}\\]<\/p>\n<p>\uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \\(i=1..N\\) \uc740 \uc801\ud569\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud55c \ud6c8\ub828(train) \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc77c \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\uace0, \ud3c9\uac00(test) \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc77c \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ubcf4\ud1b5 \ud6c8\ub828 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc640 \ubcc4\ub3c4\ub85c \uc900\ube44\ub41c \ud3c9\uac00 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uad6c\ud55c\ub2e4. \ud6c8\ub828 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 MAE, MSE\ub97c \uad6c\ud560 \uacbd\uc6b0, \uacfc\uc801\ud569\ub41c \ubaa8\ud615\uc5d0 \uc88b\uc740 \uc810\uc218\ub97c \uc8fc\uac8c \ub420 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc774 \ud06c\ub2e4. \ubaa8\ud615\uc774 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc131\ub2a5\uc744 \ubcf4\uc77c \uac83\uc778\uac00\ub97c \uc54c\uace0 \uc2f6\ub2e4\uba74, \ub2e4\uc2dc \ub9d0\ud574 \uc77c\ubc18\ud654 \uc131\ub2a5\uc744 \uc54c\uace0 \uc2f6\ub2e4\uba74 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ub300\ubcc0\ud558\ub294 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ud3c9\uac00 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub85c \uc368\uc57c \ud560 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc804\ud1b5\uc801\uc778 \uc120\ud615 \ud68c\uadc0 \ubaa8\ud615\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9ce\uc774 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \\(R^2\\) \uc740 \ubcf4\ud1b5 <strong>\uc804\uccb4 \ubd84\uc0b0 \ub300\ube44 \uc124\uba85 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \ubd84\uc0b0<\/strong>\uc73c\ub85c \ub9ce\uc774 \uc54c\ub824\uc838 \uc788\ub2e4. <strong>\uc124\uba85 \ubd88\uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \ubd84\uc0b0<\/strong>\uc740 \uc804\uccb4 \ubd84\uc0b0\uc5d0\uc11c <strong>\uc624\ucc28\uc758 \ubd84\uc0b0<\/strong>\ub97c \uc81c\uc678\ud55c \ubd80\ubd84\uc774\uace0, \ub2e4\uc74c\uc758 \uc2dd\uc774 \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\ub2e4.<a href=\"$textrm%7BSSE%7D$%20:%20**S**um%20of%20**S**quares%20**E**rror\"><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>[<sup>1]:<\/sup> \uc5c4\ubc00\ud788 \ub9d0\ud574 <strong>\uc624\ucc28<\/strong>\uc640 <strong>\uc794\ucc28<\/strong>\ub97c \uad6c\ubd84\ud560 \ud544\uc694\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4. \ubcf4\ud1b5 \uc624\ucc28\ub294 \uc2e4\uc81c \ud3c9\uade0\uacfc \uc2e4\uc81c \uac12\uc758 \ucc28\uc774( \\(\\mathbb{E}[y|x]-y_i\\) )\uc774\uace0 \uc794\ucc28\ub294 \uc608\uce21\uac12\uacfc \uc2e4\uc81c\uac12\uc758 \ucc28\uc774( \\(\\widehat{\\mathbb{E}[y|x]}-y_i\\) )\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc2e4\uc81c\uac12\uacfc \uc608\uce21\uac12\uc758 \uc0c1\uad00\uacc4\uc218\ub77c\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud560 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\ub2e4. <\/p>\n<p>\\[R^2 = \\frac{\\mathbb{V}\\textrm{ar}(y)-\\textrm{MSE}}{\\mathbb{V}\\textrm{ar}(y)}\\]<\/p>\n<h3>\ud328\ud0a4\uc9c0 <code>caret<\/code><\/h3>\n<p>R\uc758 \ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc778 \uae30\uacc4\ud559\uc2b5 \ud328\ud0a4\uc9c0\uc778 <code>caret<\/code> \uc5d0\uc11c \uad6c\ud604\ud55c \ud68c\uadc0 \ubaa8\ud615 \ud3c9\uac00 \uc9c0\ud45c\ub294 \uc704\uc758 \uc138 \uac00\uc9c0\uac00 \uc804\ubd80\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"r\">ytrue = c(0.9,1.8,2.2,3.4,4.9)\nypred = c(1,2,3,4,5)\ncaret::RMSE(ypred, ytrue)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre>## [1] 0.4604346\n<\/pre>\n<pre><code class=\"r\">caret::R2(ypred, ytrue)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre>## [1] 0.9588015\n<\/pre>\n<pre><code class=\"r\">caret::MAE(ytrue, ypred)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre>## [1] 0.36\n<\/pre>\n<p>\uc0ac\uc2e4 \uc704\uc758 \uc9c0\ud45c\ub97c \uc9c1\uc811 \uad6c\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc5b4\ub835\uc9c4 \uc54a\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"r\">caret::RMSE\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre>## function (pred, obs, na.rm = FALSE) \n## sqrt(mean((pred - obs)^2, na.rm = na.rm))\n## &lt;bytecode: 0x0000024aa4e3c470&gt;\n## &lt;environment: namespace:caret&gt;\n<\/pre>\n<pre><code class=\"r\">caret::R2\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre>## function (pred, obs, formula = &quot;corr&quot;, na.rm = FALSE) \n## {\n##     n &lt;- sum(complete.cases(pred))\n##     switch(formula, corr = cor(obs, pred, use = ifelse(na.rm, \n##         &quot;complete.obs&quot;, &quot;everything&quot;))^2, traditional = 1 - (sum((obs - \n##         pred)^2, na.rm = na.rm)\/((n - 1) * var(obs, na.rm = na.rm))))\n## }\n## &lt;bytecode: 0x0000024aa4e3d008&gt;\n## &lt;environment: namespace:caret&gt;\n<\/pre>\n<pre><code class=\"r\">caret::MAE\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre>## function (pred, obs, na.rm = FALSE) \n## mean(abs(pred - obs), na.rm = na.rm)\n## &lt;bytecode: 0x0000024aa4e3b7e8&gt;\n## &lt;environment: namespace:caret&gt;\n<\/pre>\n<p>\uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \ubcc0\uc218 \uba85\uba85 \uaddc\uce59\uc744 \uc7a0\uae50 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uc790. \uac00\uc7a5 \ub300\uc911\uc801\uc778 \uba85\uba85\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<pre>##   \uc2e4\uc81c\uac12 \uc608\uce21\uac12\n## 1    obs   pred\n## 2  ytrue  ypred\n## 3      y   yhat\n<\/pre>\n<p>\uac1c\uc778\uc801\uc73c\ub85c <code>ytrue<\/code>, <code>ypred<\/code>\uc758 \uc870\ud569\uc744 \uc88b\uc544\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc <code>train<\/code>, <code>test<\/code> \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc14b\uc744 \ub098\ub20c\ub54c\uc5d0\ub294 \ub2e4\uc18c \uac70\ucd94\uc7a5\uc2a4\ub7fd\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\ub2e4. (\uc608. <code>ytrue_train<\/code>, <code>ytrue_test<\/code>, <code>ypred_train<\/code>, <code>ypred_test<\/code>)<\/p>\n<h2>\ub2e4\ub978 \ud3c9\uac00 \uc9c0\ud45c<\/h2>\n<p>\uc808\ub300 \uc624\ucc28\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc0c1\ub300 \uc624\ucc28\uac00 \uc911\uc694\ud558\ub2e4\uba74 MAPE\uc640 MSLE\ub97c \uc4f8 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. (MAPE\ub294 \uc2dc\uacc4\uc5f4 \ubd84\uc11d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\uc8fc \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ub4ef \ud558\ub2e4.)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>MAPE : <strong>M<\/strong>ean <strong>A<\/strong>bsolute <strong>P<\/strong>ercent <strong>E<\/strong>rror<\/li>\n<li>MSLE : <strong>M<\/strong>ean <strong>S<\/strong>quared <strong>L<\/strong>og <strong>E<\/strong>rror<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\uba3c\uc800 MAPE\ub97c \uc54c\uc544\ubcf4\uc790.<\/p>\n<h3>MAPE<\/h3>\n<p>MAPE\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \uad6c\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\\[\\textrm{MAPE} = \\sum_{i=1}^N \\frac{|y_i-\\hat{y_i}|}{|y_i|}\\]<\/p>\n<p>\ub17c\ub9ac\ub294 \uac04\ub2e8\ud558\ub2e4. \ub9cc\uc57d \uc0ac\uacfc\ub97c \uc7ac\ubc30\ud560 \ub54c, \uc0ac\uacfc\ub97c 3\uac1c \uc218\ud655\ud588\ub294\ub370 4\uac1c\ub85c \ucd94\uc815\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0\uc640, \uc0ac\uacfc\ub97c 1012\uac1c\ub97c \uc218\ud655\ud588\ub294\ub370, 1013\uac1c\ub85c \uc218\ud655\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0\ub97c \ube44\uad50\ud558\uc790\uba74, \uadf8 \ucc28\uc774\ub97c \ub3d9\uc77c\ud558\uac8c \ubcf4\uae30 \ud798\ub4e4\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ubaa8\ud615 A\ub294 \uc0ac\uacfc\ub97c 3\uac1c \uc218\ud655\ud588\uc744 \ub54c 4\uac1c\ub85c \ucd94\uc815\ud558\uace0, \uc0ac\uacfc 1000\uac1c\ub97c \uc218\ud655\ud588\uc744 \ub54c, 1100\uac1c\ub85c \ucd94\uc815\ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ubaa8\ud615 B\ub294 \uc0ac\uacfc\ub97c 3\uac1c \uc218\ud655\ud588\uc744 \ub54c 103\uac1c\ub85c \ucd94\uc815\ud558\uace0, \uc0ac\uacfc 1000\uac1c\ub97c \uc218\ud655\ud588\uc744 \ub54c, 1001\uac1c\ub85c \ucd94\uc815\ud55c\ub2e4. <\/p>\n<p>\ubaa8\ud615 A\uc640 \ubaa8\ud615 B\uac00 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud558\uac8c \uc88b\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud55c\ub2e4\uba74 MAE\ub97c \uc4f0\uba74 \ub418\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ubaa8\ud615 A\uac00 \ub354 \ub0ab\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud55c\ub2e4\uba74 MAPE\uc758 \uad00\uc810\uacfc \ube44\uc2b7\ud55c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. <strong>\uc2e4\uc81c\uac12\uc774 \ud06c\ub2e4\uba74, \uc624\ucc28\ub3c4 \ucee4\uc9c0\uae30 \ub9c8\ub828\uc774\ub2e4.<\/strong> \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc624\ucc28\uac00 \uc808\ub300\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubaa8\ud615\ud3c9\uac00\uc5d0 \ubc18\uc601\ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \uc624\ucc28\ub294 \uc2e4\uc81c\uac12\uc5d0 \uc0c1\ub300\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubaa8\ud615\ud3c9\uac00\uc5d0 \uace0\ub824\ub41c\ub2e4.  <\/p>\n<h3>MAPE\uc758 \ub2e8\uc810<\/h3>\n<p>MAPE\uc758 \uac00\uc7a5 \ud070 \ub2e8\uc810\uc73c\ub85c \uc9c0\uc801\ub41c \uac83\uc740 \uc2e4\uc81c\uac12\uc774 0\uacfc \uac00\uae4c\uc6cc\uc9c8 \uc218\ub85d \uc624\ucc28\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\ub825\uc774 \ubb34\ud55c\ub300( \\(\\infty\\) )\ub85c \ucee4\uc9c4\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc774\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788 \uc2e4\uc81c\uac12\uc774 0\uc778 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub294 \uacc4\uc0b0\uc774 \ubd88\uac00\ub2a5\ud558\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc2e4\uc81c\uac12\uc774 0\uc778 \uacbd\uc6b0\ub97c \uc81c\uc678\ud558\uace0 \uacc4\uc0b0\ud558\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uadf8\ub807\ub2e4\uba74 \uc2e4\uc81c\uac12\uc774 0\uc778 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub294 \ubaa8\ud615\uc774 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc608\uce21\uc744 \ub0b4\ub193\uc544\ub3c4 \ubaa8\ud615 \ud3c9\uac00\ub294 \ub2ec\ub77c\uc9c0\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\ub294 \ub610\ub2e4\ub978 \ubb38\uc81c\uc810\uc744 \uc57c\uae30\ud55c\ub2e4. <\/p>\n<p>\ub2e4\uc74c\uc758 \uc608\ub294 0\uacfc \uac00\uae4c\uc6b4 \uc2e4\uc81c\uac12\uc5d0 \uc874\uc7ac\ud560 \ub54c\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \uadf9\uba85\ud558\uac8c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc900\ub2e4. 0\uc5d0 \uac00\uae4c\uc6b4 \uc2e4\uc81c\uac12\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc870\uae08\ub9cc \uc608\uce21\uac12\uc774 \ub2ec\ub77c\uc9c0\uba74, \uadf8 \ubaa8\ud615\uc740 \uadf8\ub807\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \ubaa8\ud615\uc5d0 \ube44\ud574 \ub098\uc05c \ubaa8\ud615\uc774 \ub41c\ub2e4(MAPE\ub294 \uc791\uc744 \uc218\ub85d \uc88b\uc740 \ubaa8\ud615\uc774\ub2e4).<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"r\">ypred = c(0.1, 0.01, 0.4, 0.6)\nytrue = c(0.01, 0.01, 0.5, 1)\nmape_ = Metrics::mape(ytrue, ypred)\n\nplot(ytrue, ypred, xlim=c(0,1), ylim=c(0,1), main=paste0(&#39;MAPE = &#39;, mape_))\nabline(a=0, b=1, lty=&#39;dotted&#39;)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><img src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAbAAAAGwCAMAAAD\/kMAYAAAAllBMVEUAAAAAADoAAGYAOjoAOmYAOpAAZrY6AAA6ADo6AGY6OgA6Ojo6OmY6OpA6ZrY6kJA6kNtmAABmADpmAGZmOgBmOpBmZmZmtv+QOgCQOjqQOmaQZgCQkDqQtpCQ27aQ29uQ2\/+2ZgC2Zjq2tma225C2\/7a2\/\/\/bkDrbtmbb25Db\/7bb\/9vb\/\/\/\/tmb\/25D\/\/7b\/\/9v\/\/\/\/GUrmMAAAACXBIWXMAAAsSAAALEgHS3X78AAALxklEQVR4nO2diXriRhZGZU\/aTCbpCe4lpmeLyfSYWcz2\/i83KoEN2AJUi0r3L53zJW2wKenWPapFQhTVFqSohg4A\/ECYGAgTA2FiIEwMhImBMDEQJgbCxECYGAgTA2FiIEwMhImBMDEQJgbCxECYGAgTA2FiIEwMhImBMDEQJgbCxJAXtplV1V39c1lVH56bp+7Z+r6quXnYP6huHt8X\/L2qfjj8el495As6giKE3T65hDfCVpPm2aun88Lm7vfutQ21b4RlYTO7+VO1a0lO2KL61WV+fV8\/2cyrafPghUUjb2dmfX\/zWMveW6o9IywPm9nt3+pecFmLco5mt98nd12Erb7Uf5jvW16zEYRloVF0+zS\/\/acTtprc1b94etclHlk7YjXZ\/74ewBYIy0Pt51\/3N7\/NPvzbWXFpX1Qvc416TnEi7LiFbZ2v\/RC2rKZbhGXCNah59dNkuqytuBlI5WaNrz3h2S6x1jT54Wm\/iWpfTIAihC1d5+eEublDM\/drF3bC8qU\/RFhWnLC633PWPjwv6r6tGZGOhJ12g6\/s\/1C\/ctcv0iVmopljzJt54of\/7abpi+ruurBlhTDIAMLEQJgYCBMDYWIgTAyEiYEwMRAmBsLEQJgYCBMDYWIgTAyEiYEwMRAmBsLEQJgYCBMDYWIgTAyEiREjrII+6FFYRFk4A8K0qK5lFWHWiBb2+omQgLLgRfX6z5XXXGIz231IYPn+YzsIS0t19O+VF11g\/fnp5KdPWQiAFiZG9Bi2\/4QVY1i\/VO8eXHldzD4gmqrl0ZUXxuwE0pFK2NGko+NFFOhKdfbJldfG7AeCqS48u\/LimB1BGhAmBsJs8y6J0Vc69gtdtJyIISye9zmMbmGb2TS4LPgT3yWuP71fzrNrWbhEawIZw8zSnj+EiYEwMRBmk7PJQ5hJzucOYWIgzB4XE4cwc1zOG8LEQJgYCLPF1aQhzBTXc4YwMRBmh04JQ5gZuuULYWIgTAyE2aBzshBmgu65QpgYCBser0QhbHD88oQwMRAmBsKGxTtJCBsU\/xwhTAyEDUdQghA2GGH5QZgYCBMDYcMQnByEDUJ4bhAmBsLyE5UYhGUnLi8IEwNhYiAsL9FJQVhW4nMSLWw1qe4WLCGbjVhhm2+P28Vd7e0jizRfI0lCYoW5lUgXU5ZB70CafNDCxEgxhk0Zw\/LBLDEPyZKBsCyky0UqYSyDnglaWP8kTQTCeidtHlLMEvmynIxEn4fxdVR5SXGl4\/inT9kxkDwJtLBeSZ+D6DGML3zLC7PE\/uglAQjrjX7qjzAxECYGwvqht8ojrBf6qzvCxEBYenqtOMKS02+9ESYGwsRAWFp6rzTCktJ\/nREmBsLSkaXCCEtGnvoiTAyEiYGwNGSrLMKSkK+uCBMDYfFkrSjCoslbT4SJgTAxEBZH9koiLIr8dUSYGAgLZ5AKIiyYYeqHMDEQJgbCwhiscggLYri6IUwMhPkzaMUQ5s2w9UKYGAgTA2F+DF4phHkxfJ2iha0mD5tZVb1fuchA5UokVphba2r+MI5VtU1UKFbY+vOTWwl9DKu52ahPdJdYN6\/ldLtd3gWUBX\/iJx3zZjW3974Q1gvMErsxZGVOFihHWCcG9XWy\/1TCWLe+N\/oRlrisKQauCMI8Gbweaccw1q3PS4orHQ5W1c5EgisdJz99yipgrhK0sIvYq0P0GMa69XlhlngekxVA2Flsxo8wMRAmBsLaMRt8B2H7eWDrTDBi06axG3u3Fjaf1v8sWt6kjNg0BNFJ2O4yRsvFjJhN28V04J2EbWZNC2u5lS1i02axHXe3LtHdedh220bMpiEIZoliIOwU80F37hI\/\/PfTY9JNm8R+zF0nHauPzy3voMRsGoLoOq2vhRU\/rZcI2KOFlT6t14jXY1rv6UskAWowSxTD49JU4k3bQibYbmPYN88ZfZdNm0In1m4t7OyNNhGbhiAYw4QCdSBMJs4dXK0Xw+f9MN5xNsDY33GWCPKYbl1i07hKbGEKMZ7iM633nNjrJUOBMc8SzQfYxoiFWY+vnY5dou+UvsOmIYiOLWxZVTe+1xMR1gfdu0R38vyQcNPDYjq4S3QUtpq4FuZ3JmY5J5Zju0zHMcz33eYOm4YgxjhLNBtYF0YozGpc3RihMG0QJsbYhJkMyoc0wlY\/tsz3LebGYkx+xAq7cCFfPzkWiW5h6\/talUYLMxdQCAm6xPq0+j8KwqzFE0aSMWw1aXtns4wEWWNss8RWlBaUHouwS8FUV\/5uilTCjC+DfjGWUQpLXDYrCIsvm5SrgdjqDS4TLcz+MuhW4khDrLDCF2m2R\/SlqcKXQTdH6S3MRBApSXAt0fIYZiGGtIxhllgUJQsbPIA+KFjY0Pvvh4KFlQnCxChVWLFHS6HCivVVqrByKVFY0UdKgcKK9lWisLJBmBilCSv+KClMWPG+ShNWPiUJG8URUpCwUfgqSdg4QJgYpQgbzdFRiLDR+CpF2HgoQdiojowChI3KVwnCxgXCxFAXNrqjQlzY6HypCxsfysJGeUQICxulL2Vh4wRhYqgKG+3RICpstL5UhY0XRWGjPhIEhY3al6KwcYMwMaKF7b73KNvSRaM\/CmKFuaWL3Nc8ZxI2el\/Rwnai5ncsDpaJFC2sZvGH9wuhJxfGEbBNMIat793X3m8X\/X8zBL4czBLFQJgYqYT1vQw69veItDB8vSAiDF5IcaWj7yVkMX9EovOwPhdpxtcxaa50sAx6NgRaGByT4EpHr2MY1t9gfJaIr7cYFwZvsSwM4y0YFoavNgwLgzYQJoZVYdg+g1Fh+DqHUWFwDovCMH0Bg8LwdQmDwuASCBPDmjAsX8GYMHxdw5gwuIYlYRjugCFh+OpCNmGJ7wQeLbmEVZEbgz1WhCGzI0aE4asrjGFiWJglYtIDA8Lw5YMBYeADwsQYWhhWPRlYGL58GbqFgSdDCsNoAAMKw1cIdIliIEyMoYRhM5CBhOErFLpEMYYQhskIBhCGrxjoEsVAmBjRwjxXc8NiJLHCPNeawlcsscI6r+bGTThpyNXCuJE0EdFjWMfV3CrXxvxCgzaM3EgKXeFGUjFSCbu2bj22EpGpheErFVzpECPHlQ7MJSTDeRi+UpLtSgekIfO1RIil7ysdWEtMz7NEfKWGab0YfQrDWA\/0Kgx6oD9hKbcTWX48u0eY2O4RJrZ7hIntHmFiu0eY2O4RJrZ7zn3FQJgYCBMDYWIgTAyEiYEwMRAmBsLEQJgYscLW99X+\/rfDo7Dy7g7jh\/DihxvywspvZtXNY3jxOvqW+8qus\/rx6c2WrhApzCVpcXf6KKz8+tPjdvVHz5Sd7HTh7\/uo\/Pyh7dbLrsVd9IuA43W519w9e5HC3P3Au4Pk8Cis\/NKFO\/dM+fFOVz9\/8W+gJ+F7cyi++vgcson5zd930XfPXqSwJtBPjyePwso7vMsfFd98+82\/SzwO\/6\/+XeKheGgLe7HUPXuRwlwvstvR4VFY+a3rF6bhxRfTgDHsUH41eWiyFrr7sBH8VVj37BlqYet7X1+nuw8QFhn+UfF69F2GzDpyt7B0Y1hzjIfvftHc0udr\/Cj8rwHCjkbgoP5l+yos2xjmerGXWeI0aJb4UirE1+lOA1rYUfl5QJd4FH1kC+uevTTnYW63MedhdfldE\/FN+WH3Medh+\/D9E34ovqwCTuO2O2Fe2eNKhxgIEwNhYiBMDISJgTAxECYGwsRAmBgIEwNhYiBMDISJgTAxECYGwsRAmBgIEwNhYiBMjMKF+d94Zx2EiVGuMHej4U+T6vb7z19uvx9uJgv6UJAhyhW2nNb\/1Zaau+b3wuYhN7vaolxh66\/Pvz86YXtZ9f\/uZuqgzxUZolxhm2\/\/+Pr8Rphbgj\/oBl07lCtsu\/h1un0jTLx1OQoW5j6gsBfWfN7uthnDvD8Xa4yChW3+8rTdzJoZovs00i+fm1mieI9YsrDVn4eOoA\/KFbZQb0vtlCusUBAmBsLEQJgYCBMDYWIgTAyEiYEwMRAmBsLEQJgYCBMDYWIgTAyEifF\/rrawcDDaTKgAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\" alt=\"plot of chunk unnamed-chunk-4\"\/><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"r\">ypred = c(0.012, 0.01, 0.35, 0.2)\nytrue = c(0.01, 0.01, 0.5, 1)\nmape_ = Metrics::mape(ytrue, ypred)\n\nplot(ytrue, ypred, xlim=c(0,1), ylim=c(0,1), main=paste0(&#39;MAPE = &#39;, mape_))\nabline(a=0, b=1, lty=&#39;dotted&#39;)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><img src=\"data:image\/png;base64,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\" alt=\"plot of chunk unnamed-chunk-5\"\/><\/p>\n<h3>sMAPE(symmetric MAPE)<\/h3>\n<p>MAPE\uc758 \uc774\ub7f0 \ub2e8\uc810\uc744 \ud574\uacb0\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc758 \ud558\ub098\ub294 \ubd84\ubaa8\uc758 <code>ytrue<\/code>\ub97c <code>ytrue+ypred<\/code>\ub85c \uc4f0\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\ub97c symmetric MAPE\ub77c\uace0 \ud55c\ub2e4. sMAPE\ub294 MAPE\uc640 \ub2e4\ub974\uac8c, \uc2e4\uc81c\uac12\uacfc \uc608\uce21\uac12\uc774 \ubc14\ub00c\uc5b4\ub3c4 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \uac12\uc744 \uc0b0\ucd9c\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc704\uc758 \uc608\uc5d0\uc11c sMAPE\ub97c \uad6c\ud574\ubcf4\uc790. <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"r\">ypred = c(0.1, 0.01, 0.4, 0.6)\nytrue = c(0.01, 0.01, 0.5, 1)\nsmape_ = Metrics::smape(ytrue, ypred)\n\nplot(ytrue, ypred, xlim=c(0,1), ylim=c(0,1), main=paste0(&#39;sMAPE = &#39;, round(smape_, 2)))\nabline(a=0, b=1, lty=&#39;dotted&#39;)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><img src=\"data:image\/png;base64,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\" alt=\"plot of chunk unnamed-chunk-6\"\/><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"r\">ypred = c(0.012, 0.01, 0.35, 0.2)\nytrue = c(0.01, 0.01, 0.5, 1)\nsmape_ = Metrics::smape(ytrue, ypred)\n\nplot(ytrue, ypred, xlim=c(0,1), ylim=c(0,1), main=paste0(&#39;MAPE = &#39;, round(smape_, 2)))\nabline(a=0, b=1, lty=&#39;dotted&#39;)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><img src=\"data:image\/png;base64,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\" alt=\"plot of chunk unnamed-chunk-7\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \uc704\uc758 \uadf8\ub9bc\uc740 \uc2e4\uc81c\uac12\uacfc \uc608\uce21\uac12\uc744 \ubaa8\ub450 \uadf8\ub798\ud504\uc5d0 \ub2f4\uace0 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uadf8 \uc0c1\ub300\uc801 \uc601\ud5a5\ub825\uc744 \ubb34\uc2dc\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \ub4ef \ud558\ub2e4. \ud55c \uac00\uc9c0 \ubc29\ubc95\uc740 <code>log<\/code> \ud568\uc218\ub97c \uc801\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. <\/p>\n<h3>\\(\\log\\)-Error<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"r\">ypred1 = c(0.1, 0.01, 0.4, 0.6)\nypred2 = c(0.012, 0.01, 0.35, 0.2)\nytrue = c(0.01, 0.01, 0.5, 1)\n\nplot(log(ytrue), log(ypred1), xlim=c(-5,1), ylim=c(-5,1))\npoints(log(ytrue), log(ypred2), pch=&#39;x&#39;)\nabline(a=0, b=1)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><img src=\"data:image\/png;base64,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\" alt=\"plot of chunk unnamed-chunk-8\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\uc704\uc758 \uadf8\ub798\ud504\ub97c \ubcf4\uba74 \uccab \ubc88\uc9f8 \ubaa8\ud615\uc758 \uc608\uce21\uac12(\ub3d9\uadf8\ub77c\ubbf8)\uac00 \ub450 \ubc88\uc9f8 \ubaa8\ud615\uc758 \uc608\uce21\uac12(x)\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc2e4\uc81c\uac12(\ub300\uac01\uc120)\uc5d0\uc11c \uba40\ub9ac \ub5a8\uc5b4\uc838 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. AE(Absolute Error)\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c log-\uc2e4\uc81c\uac12\uacfc log-\uc608\uce21\uac12\uc758 \ucc28\uc774\ub97c \uadf8\ub838\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p><code>Metrics<\/code> \ud328\ud0a4\uc9c0\uc758 <code>sle<\/code>\ub294 <strong>S<\/strong>quared <strong>L<\/strong>og <strong>E<\/strong>rror\ub97c \uad6c\ud574\uc900\ub2e4. <code>ale<\/code>(<strong>A<\/strong>bsolute <strong>L<\/strong>og <strong>E<\/strong>rror)\ub77c\ub294 \ud568\uc218\uac00 \uc5c6\uc5b4\uc11c \uc544\uc27d\uae34 \ud558\ub2e4. <\/p>\n<p>\\[\\textrm{ALE} = |\\log(y)-\\log(\\hat{y})|\\]<\/p>\n<p>\uc704 \uc2dd\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \ubcc0\ud615\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. <\/p>\n<p>\\[|\\log(\\hat{y})-\\log(y)| = \\left|\\log\\left(\\frac{\\hat{y}}{y}\\right)\\right| \\]<\/p>\n<p>\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc <code>sle<\/code>\ub3c4 \uadf8\ub807\uace0 \uc2e4\uc81c\uac12\uc774 0\uc77c \ub54c \uad6c\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\ub294 \ub2e8\uc810 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \ubcf4\ud1b5 \uc2e4\uc81c\uac12\uacfc \uc608\uce21\uac12\uc774 \ubaa8\ub450 +1\ub97c \ud574\uc900\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\\[\\textrm{ALE} = |\\log(y+1)-\\log(\\hat{y}+1)|\\]<br \/>\n\\[\\textrm{SLE} = (\\log(y+1)-\\log(\\hat{y}+1))^2\\]<\/p>\n<p>\uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc774\uc5d0 \ud3c9\uade0\uc744 \uad6c\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc131\ub2a5\uc744 \uad6c\ud558\ub294 \uc218\uc21c\uc774\uc774\ub2e4. \uc81c\uacf1\uc744 \ud588\ub2e4\uba74 Root\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc50c\uc6cc\uc900\ub2e4\uba74 \uc5bc\ucd94 scale\uc744 \ub9de\ucd9c \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uc758 \uc0ac\uc774\ud2b8\uc5d0 log-\uc624\ucc28\uc640 MAPE\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/math.stackexchange.com\/questions\/2335018\/relative-error-sim-absolute-error-of-logs-always-true\">StackExchange:MATHEMATICS-Relative Error<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\uc0ac\uc2e4 \\(\\log(y+1)\\) \uc5d0\uc11c \\(+1\\) \uc740 \ub2e4\uc18c \uc784\uc758\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc778\ub2e4. \ub9cc\uc57d \\(\\log(y+10)\\) \uc744 \ud574\uc8fc\uba74 \uc65c \uc548 \ub418\ub294\uac00? \\(+1\\) \uc744 \ud574\uc8fc\uba74 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc791\uc740 \ucc38\uac12\uc5d0\uc11c \uc870\uadf8\ub9c8\ud55c \ucc28\uc774\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ud070 \ube44\uc911\uc744 \ub450\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ubc29\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uacfc \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\ub85c, \\(+10\\) \uc744 \ud574\uc8fc\uba74 10 \uc774\ud558\uc758 \uac12\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ucc28\uc774\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uac00\uc911\uce58\ub97c \uc801\uac8c \ud574\uc900\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud560 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \\(\\hat{y}=1.1\\times y\\) \uc77c\ub54c, \\(\\log(\\hat{y})-\\log(y)\\) \ub294 \\(y\\) \uc5d0 \uad00\uacc4 \uc5c6\uc774 \uc77c\uc815\ud558\ub2e4. \ub2e4\uc2dc \ub9d0\ud574 \uc624\ucc28\uc640 \uc2e4\uc81c\uac12\uc5d0 \ube44\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ubaa8\ud615\uc774 \ud3c9\uac00\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ubc18\uba74 \\(\\log(\\hat{y}+1)-\\log(y)\\) \ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uadf8\ub798\ud504\ub97c \ub748\ub2e4. 0 \ubd80\ubd84\uc5d0\uc11c 1.1\ubc30\uc758 \ucc28\uc774\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \uac70\uc758 0\uc758 \uac00\uc911\uce58\ub97c \uc8fc\uace0 \uc788\uace0, \uc57d 10 \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \uad6c\uac04\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uac70\uc758 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud558\uac8c \uc720\uc9c0\ub418\uace0 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uad00\ucc30\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"r\">curve(log(1.1*x+1)-log(x+1), xlim=c(0,20))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><img src=\"data:image\/png;base64,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\" alt=\"plot of chunk unnamed-chunk-9\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\uc774\uc5d0 \ubc18\ud574 \\(\\log(y+10)\\) \uc744 \ud574\uc900\ub2e4\uba74, 10 \uc774\ud558 \ubd80\ubd84\uc5d0\uc11c 1.1\ubc30\uc758 \ucc28\uc774\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uac00\uc911\uce58\uac00 \uc55e\uc758 \uadf8\ub798\ud504\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc791\uc544\uc84c\uc74c\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"r\">curve(log(1.1*x+10)-log(x+10), xlim=c(0,20))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><img src=\"data:image\/png;base64,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\" alt=\"plot of chunk unnamed-chunk-10\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>\uacb0\ub860<\/h2>\n<p>\ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ud3c9\uac00 \ubc29\ubc95\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uba74, \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc801\ub2f9\ud55c \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \uc120\ud0dd\ud558\uc790.<\/p>\n<h3>\ubaa8\ub450 \ud55c\uaebc\ubc88\uc5d0 \uc801\uc6a9\ud558\uae30<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"r\">ypred = c(0.1, 0.01, 0.4, 0.6)\nytrue = c(0.01, 0.01, 0.5, 1)\n\nlibrary(Metrics)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre>## Warning: package &#39;Metrics&#39; was built under R version 3.6.3\n<\/pre>\n<pre><code class=\"r\">metrics = list(mae=mae, mse=mse, mape=mape, smape=smape, msle=msle)\nsapply(metrics, function(x) x(ytrue, ypred))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre>##        mae        mse       mape      smape       msle \n## 0.14750000 0.04452500 2.40000000 0.58964646 0.01545984\n<\/pre>\n<pre><code class=\"r\">## \uc880\ub354 \uc9c1\uad00\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub824\uba74...\nallmetrics = function(ytrue, ypred) {\n  sapply(metrics, function(x) x(ytrue, ypred))\n}\nallmetrics(ytrue, ypred)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre>##        mae        mse       mape      smape       msle \n## 0.14750000 0.04452500 2.40000000 0.58964646 0.01545984\n<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\ud68c\uadc0 \ubaa8\ud615\uc758 \ud3c9\uac00 \uc9c0\ud45c \ud68c\uadc0(regression) \ubaa8\ud615\uc744 \ud3c9\uac00\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95 \uc911 \uac00\uc7a5 \ub9ce\uc774 \uc4f0\uc774\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc740 \uc544\ub9c8\ub3c4 MAE\uc640 MSE\uc77c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. MAE(Mean Absolute Error) MSE(Mean Squared Error) \uc2e4\uc81c\uac12\uacfc \uc608\uce21\uac12\uc758 \ucc28\uc774\ub97c \uc624\ucc28(Error)\ub77c\uace0 \ud55c\ub2e4\uba74, \uadf8 \uac12\uc5d0 \uc808\ub300\uac12(Absolute)\uc744 \ucde8\ud55c \ud6c4 \ud3c9\uade0(Mean)\uc744 \ud574\uc8fc\uba74 MAE\uac00 \ub418\uace0, \uc81c\uacf1(Square)\uc744 \ud55c \ud6c4 \ud3c9\uade0(Mean)\uc744 \ucde8\ud558\uba74 MSE\uac00 \ub41c\ub2e4. \\[\\textrm{MAE} = \\frac{\\sum_{i=1}^N |y_i &#8211; \\hat{y_i}|}{N}\\] \\[\\textrm{MSE} = \\frac{\\sum_{i=1}^N (y_i &#8211; [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2193,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[28,456],"tags":[457,459,458,462,461,460],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Metrics.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2190"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2190"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2190\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2197,"href":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2190\/revisions\/2197"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2193"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2190"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2190"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ds.sumeun.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2190"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}