패키지(Packages)
R의 패키지(Packages)
- 통계 분석을 위해 프로그래밍 언어로 개발된 R은 통계 프로그래밍을 위한 핵심 기능이 주로 구현되어 있습니다. 하지만 R을 활용하는 분야는 다양해서 R의 기본 함수로 부족한 경우도 많습니다.
- R의 패키지는 특정 분야에서 필요한 기능을 구현하여 모아 놓은 것이라고 할 수 있습니다. R이 기본 게임팩이라면 패키지는 일종의 _확장팩_입니다. R에는 이런 _확장팩_이 매우 많으며, 누구라도 자신 또는 다른 사람이 필요한 기능을 구현하여 패키지로 만들 수 있습니다.
- CRAN(The Comprehensive R Archive Network)는 많은 사람들이 필요로 하고 성능이 어느 정도 검증된 패키지를 모아 놓은 곳입니다.
패키지 설치
- 패키지를 설치하기 위해서는
install.packages()를 쓴다.install.packages()에서 packages에 유의하자. 그리고 패키지 이름은 따옴표로 감싼다. 여러 개의 패키지를 한꺼번에 설치하고 싶을 때에는install.packages(c('psych', 'MASS'))와 같이 쓴다.
- R Studio의 메뉴에서 Tools > Install Packages를 선택할 수도 있다.
install.packages()는 CRAN(The Comprehensive R Archive Network)에 정식으로 등록된 패키지를 설치할 수 있다. CRAN Task View(https://cran.r-project.org/web/views/)에서 특정 분야의 패키지 목록과 기능을 확인할 수 있다.- 패키지가 저장되어 있는 인터넷 주소를 저장소(repository)라고 한다. 그리고 저장소의 내용을 그대로 복사해 놓은 곳은 미러(mirror)라고 한다. 이 둘은 다음의 함수로 설정할 수 있다.
setRepositories()chooseCRANmirror()
- 저장소 목록은 https://cran.r-project.org/mirrors.html에서 확인할 수 있으며 한국의 저장소 미러 목록은 다음과 같다.
| 주소 | 운영자 |
|:—————————|:————————————————–|
|https://ftp.harukasan.org/CRAN/ |Information and Database Systems Laboratory, Pukyong National University|
|https://cran.yu.ac.kr/ |Yeungnam University|
|https://cran.seoul.go.kr/|Bigdata Campus, Seoul Metropolitan Govermment|
|http://healthstat.snu.ac.kr/CRAN/ |Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul|
|https://cran.biodisk.org/| The Genome Institute of UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology)|
|http://cran.biodisk.org/ |The Genome Institute of UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology)|
- 현재 설정되어 있는 저장소와 미러는
options('repos')를 통해 확인할 수 있다. 만약 패키지 설치와 갱신과 관련하여 문제가 있다면 저장소와 미러 설정을 변경해 보는 것이 좋다.
options(repos='http://healthstat.snu.ac.kr/CRAN/')
install.packages("psych")
## Installing package into 'C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5' ## (as 'lib' is unspecified)
## package 'psych' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked ## ## The downloaded binary packages are in ## C:\Users\Seul\AppData\Local\Temp\RtmpKmsrz9\downloaded_packages
패키지 관련 정보
maintainer()와citation()을 통해 패키지를 관리하는 사람과 패키지를 인용하는 방법을 확인할 수 있다.
maintainer("psych")
## [1] "William Revelle <revelle@northwestern.edu>"
citation("psych")
##
## To cite the psych package in publications use:
##
## Revelle, W. (2018) psych: Procedures for Personality and
## Psychological Research, Northwestern University, Evanston,
## Illinois, USA, https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=psych Version
## = 1.8.12.
##
## A BibTeX entry for LaTeX users is
##
## @Manual{,
## title = {psych: Procedures for Psychological, Psychometric, and Personality Research},
## author = {William Revelle},
## organization = { Northwestern University},
## address = { Evanston, Illinois},
## year = {2018},
## note = {R package version 1.8.12},
## url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=psych},
## }
패키지 불러오기/확인하기/제거하기
- 패키지를 사용하기 위해서는 설치된 패키지를 메모리에 불러와야 한다(
library()). 만약 더 이상 패키지를 사용할 필요가 없어졌다면detach()를 통해 메모리에서 제거할 수도 있다. - 메모리에 올라온 패키지를 확인하기 위해서는
search()함수를 사용한다.
library(psych)
describe(mtcars)
## vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew ## mpg 1 32 20.09 6.03 19.20 19.70 5.41 10.40 33.90 23.50 0.61 ## cyl 2 32 6.19 1.79 6.00 6.23 2.97 4.00 8.00 4.00 -0.17 ## disp 3 32 230.72 123.94 196.30 222.52 140.48 71.10 472.00 400.90 0.38 ## hp 4 32 146.69 68.56 123.00 141.19 77.10 52.00 335.00 283.00 0.73 ## drat 5 32 3.60 0.53 3.70 3.58 0.70 2.76 4.93 2.17 0.27 ## wt 6 32 3.22 0.98 3.33 3.15 0.77 1.51 5.42 3.91 0.42 ## qsec 7 32 17.85 1.79 17.71 17.83 1.42 14.50 22.90 8.40 0.37 ## vs 8 32 0.44 0.50 0.00 0.42 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.24 ## am 9 32 0.41 0.50 0.00 0.38 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.36 ## gear 10 32 3.69 0.74 4.00 3.62 1.48 3.00 5.00 2.00 0.53 ## carb 11 32 2.81 1.62 2.00 2.65 1.48 1.00 8.00 7.00 1.05 ## kurtosis se ## mpg -0.37 1.07 ## cyl -1.76 0.32 ## disp -1.21 21.91 ## hp -0.14 12.12 ## drat -0.71 0.09 ## wt -0.02 0.17 ## qsec 0.34 0.32 ## vs -2.00 0.09 ## am -1.92 0.09 ## gear -1.07 0.13 ## carb 1.26 0.29
search()
## [1] ".GlobalEnv" "package:psych" "package:bindrcpp" ## [4] "package:magrittr" "package:car" "package:carData" ## [7] "package:XMLRPC" "package:knitr" "package:RWordPress" ## [10] "package:dplyr" "package:data.table" "package:stringr" ## [13] "tools:rstudio" "package:stats" "package:graphics" ## [16] "package:grDevices" "package:utils" "package:datasets" ## [19] "package:methods" "Autoloads" "package:base"
detach("package:psych")
describe(mtcars)
## Error in describe(mtcars): could not find function "describe"
search()
## [1] ".GlobalEnv" "package:bindrcpp" "package:magrittr" ## [4] "package:car" "package:carData" "package:XMLRPC" ## [7] "package:knitr" "package:RWordPress" "package:dplyr" ## [10] "package:data.table" "package:stringr" "tools:rstudio" ## [13] "package:stats" "package:graphics" "package:grDevices" ## [16] "package:utils" "package:datasets" "package:methods" ## [19] "Autoloads" "package:base"
패키지 관리하기
- 설치된 패키지 목록을 확인하고 싶다면
installed.packages()를 쓸 수 있다. - 패키지를 갱신(update)하고 싶다면
update.packages()를 쓸 수 있다. - 다음 코드는
library(),detach()의 결과를search()를 통해 확인하고 있다.
options(repos='http://healthstat.snu.ac.kr/CRAN/')
installed.packages()
## Package LibPath
## abind "abind" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## acepack "acepack" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## AER "AER" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## askpass "askpass" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## assertthat "assertthat" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## backports "backports" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## base64enc "base64enc" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## BH "BH" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## bindr "bindr" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## bindrcpp "bindrcpp" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## binman "binman" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## bit "bit" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## bit64 "bit64" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## bitops "bitops" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## blob "blob" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## bookdown "bookdown" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## callr "callr" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## car "car" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## carData "carData" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## caTools "caTools" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## cellranger "cellranger" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## checkmate "checkmate" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## cli "cli" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## clipr "clipr" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## clisymbols "clisymbols" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## colorspace "colorspace" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## cowplot "cowplot" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## crayon "crayon" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## crosstalk "crosstalk" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## curl "curl" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## data.table "data.table" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## DBI "DBI" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## desc "desc" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## devtools "devtools" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## digest "digest" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## dplyr "dplyr" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## evaluate "evaluate" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## fansi "fansi" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## farver "farver" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## forcats "forcats" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## formatR "formatR" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## Formula "Formula" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## fs "fs" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## gapminder "gapminder" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## geosphere "geosphere" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## gganimate "gganimate" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## ggmap "ggmap" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## ggplot2 "ggplot2" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## gh "gh" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## gifski "gifski" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## git2r "git2r" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## glue "glue" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## gridExtra "gridExtra" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## gsubfn "gsubfn" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## gtable "gtable" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## hash "hash" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## haven "haven" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## hexbin "hexbin" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## highr "highr" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## Hmisc "Hmisc" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## hms "hms" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## htmltab "htmltab" "C:/Users/Seul/Documents/R/win-library/3.5"
## Version Priority
## abind "1.4-5" NA
## acepack "1.4.1" NA
## AER "1.2-6" NA
## askpass "1.1" NA
## assertthat "0.2.0" NA
## backports "1.1.3" NA
## base64enc "0.1-3" NA
## BH "1.69.0-1" NA
## bindr "0.1.1" NA
## bindrcpp "0.2.2" NA
## binman "0.1.1" NA
## bit "1.1-14" NA
## bit64 "0.9-7" NA
## bitops "1.0-6" NA
## blob "1.1.1" NA
## bookdown "0.9" NA
## callr "3.1.1" NA
## car "3.0-2" NA
## carData "3.0-2" NA
## caTools "1.17.1.1" NA
## cellranger "1.1.0" NA
## checkmate "1.9.1" NA
## cli "1.0.1" NA
## clipr "0.5.0" NA
## clisymbols "1.2.0" NA
## colorspace "1.4-0" NA
## cowplot "0.9.4" NA
## crayon "1.3.4" NA
## crosstalk "1.0.0" NA
## curl "3.3" NA
## data.table "1.12.0" NA
## DBI "1.0.0" NA
## desc "1.2.0" NA
## devtools "2.0.1" NA
## digest "0.6.18" NA
## dplyr "0.7.8" NA
## evaluate "0.12" NA
## fansi "0.4.0" NA
## farver "1.1.0" NA
## forcats "0.3.0" NA
## formatR "1.5" NA
## Formula "1.2-3" NA
## fs "1.2.6" NA
## gapminder "0.3.0" NA
## geosphere "1.5-7" NA
## gganimate "1.0.0" NA
## ggmap "2.6.2" NA
## ggplot2 "3.1.0" NA
## gh "1.0.1" NA
## gifski "0.8.6" NA
## git2r "0.24.0" NA
## glue "1.3.0" NA
## gridExtra "2.3" NA
## gsubfn "0.7" NA
## gtable "0.2.0" NA
## hash "2.2.6" NA
## haven "2.0.0" NA
## hexbin "1.27.2" NA
## highr "0.7" NA
## Hmisc "4.2-0" NA
## hms "0.4.2" NA
## htmltab "0.7.1" NA
## Depends
## abind "R (>= 1.5.0)"
## acepack NA
## AER "R (>= 2.13.0), car (>= 2.0-19), lmtest, sandwich (>= 2.4-0),\nsurvival (>= 2.37-5), zoo"
## askpass NA
## assertthat NA
## backports "R (>= 3.0.0)"
## base64enc "R (>= 2.9.0)"
## BH NA
## bindr NA
## bindrcpp NA
## binman "R (>= 3.3)"
## bit "R (>= 2.9.2)"
## bit64 "R (>= 3.0.1), bit (>= 1.1-12), utils, methods, stats"
## bitops NA
## blob NA
## bookdown NA
## callr NA
## car "R (>= 3.2.0), carData (>= 3.0-0)"
## carData "R (>= 3.0)"
## caTools "R (>= 2.2.0)"
## cellranger "R (>= 3.0.0)"
## checkmate "R (>= 3.0.0)"
## cli "R (>= 2.10)"
## clipr NA
## clisymbols NA
## colorspace "R (>= 3.0.0), methods"
## cowplot "R (>= 3.3.0), ggplot2 (>= 2.1.0),"
## crayon NA
## crosstalk NA
## curl "R (>= 3.0.0)"
## data.table "R (>= 3.1.0)"
## DBI "R (>= 3.0.0), methods"
## desc "R (>= 3.1.0)"
## devtools "R (>= 3.0.2)"
## digest "R (>= 3.1.0)"
## dplyr "R (>= 3.1.2)"
## evaluate "R (>= 3.0.2)"
## fansi "R (>= 3.1.0)"
## farver NA
## forcats "R (>= 3.1)"
## formatR "R (>= 3.0.2)"
## Formula "R (>= 2.0.0), stats"
## fs "R (>= 3.1)"
## gapminder "R (>= 3.1.0)"
## geosphere "R (>= 3.0.0)"
## gganimate "ggplot2 (>= 3.0.0)"
## ggmap "R (>= 2.14.0), ggplot2 (>= 2.0.0)"
## ggplot2 "R (>= 3.1)"
## gh NA
## gifski NA
## git2r "R (>= 3.1)"
## glue "R (>= 3.1)"
## gridExtra NA
## gsubfn "proto"
## gtable "R (>= 2.14)"
## hash "R (>= 2.12.0), methods, utils"
## haven "R (>= 3.1)"
## hexbin "R (>= 2.0.1), methods"
## highr "R (>= 3.0.2)"
## Hmisc "lattice, survival (>= 2.40-1), Formula, ggplot2 (>= 2.2)"
## hms NA
## htmltab "R (>= 3.0.0)"
## Imports
## abind "methods, utils"
## acepack NA
## AER "stats, Formula (>= 0.2-0)"
## askpass "sys (>= 2.1)"
## assertthat "tools"
## backports "utils"
## base64enc NA
## BH NA
## bindr NA
## bindrcpp "bindr (>= 0.1.1), Rcpp (>= 0.12.16)"
## binman "rappdirs, yaml, httr, jsonlite, xml2, utils, stats,\nassertthat, semver"
## bit NA
## bit64 NA
## bitops NA
## blob "methods, prettyunits"
## bookdown "htmltools (>= 0.3.6), knitr (>= 1.16), rmarkdown (>= 1.9),\nxfun (>= 0.2), tinytex, yaml (>= 2.1.14)"
## callr "processx (>= 3.2.1), R6, utils"
## car "abind, MASS, mgcv, nnet, pbkrtest (>= 0.4-4), quantreg,\ngrDevices, utils, stats, graphics, maptools, rio, lme4, nlme"
## carData NA
## caTools "bitops"
## cellranger "rematch, tibble"
## checkmate "backports (>= 1.1.0), utils"
## cli "assertthat, crayon (>= 1.3.4), methods, utils"
## clipr "utils"
## clisymbols NA
## colorspace "graphics, grDevices, stats"
## cowplot "grid (>= 3.0.0), gtable (>= 0.1.2), plyr (>= 1.8.2),\ngrDevices, methods, scales, utils"
## crayon "grDevices, methods, utils"
## crosstalk "htmltools (>= 0.3.5), jsonlite, lazyeval, R6, shiny (>= 0.11),\nggplot2"
## curl NA
## data.table "methods"
## DBI NA
## desc "assertthat, utils, R6, crayon, rprojroot"
## devtools "callr, cli, digest, git2r (>= 0.23.0), httr (>= 0.4),\njsonlite, memoise (>= 1.0.0), pkgbuild (>= 1.0.2), pkgload (>=\n1.0.1), rcmdcheck (>= 1.3.0), remotes (>= 2.0.0), rstudioapi\n(>= 0.6.0.9000), sessioninfo, stats, tools, usethis (>= 1.4.0),\nutils, withr"
## digest NA
## dplyr "assertthat (>= 0.2.0), bindrcpp (>= 0.2.0.9000), glue (>=\n1.1.1), magrittr (>= 1.5), methods, pkgconfig (>= 2.0.1), R6\n(>= 2.2.2), Rcpp (>= 0.12.19), rlang (>= 0.3.0), tibble (>=\n1.4.2), tidyselect (>= 0.2.3), utils"
## evaluate "methods"
## fansi NA
## farver "Rcpp (>= 0.12.15)"
## forcats "magrittr, rlang, tibble"
## formatR NA
## Formula NA
## fs "methods, Rcpp"
## gapminder "tibble"
## geosphere "sp"
## gganimate "stringi, tweenr (>= 1.0.1), grid, rlang, glue, progress, plyr,\nscales, grDevices, utils"
## ggmap "proto, RgoogleMaps, png, plyr, reshape2, rjson, mapproj, jpeg,\ngeosphere, digest, scales"
## ggplot2 "digest, grid, gtable (>= 0.1.1), lazyeval, MASS, mgcv, plyr\n(>= 1.7.1), reshape2, rlang (>= 0.2.1), scales (>= 0.5.0),\nstats, tibble, viridisLite, withr (>= 2.0.0)"
## gh "ini, jsonlite, httr"
## gifski NA
## git2r "graphics, utils"
## glue "methods"
## gridExtra "gtable, grid, grDevices, graphics, utils"
## gsubfn NA
## gtable "grid"
## hash NA
## haven "forcats (>= 0.2.0), hms, Rcpp (>= 0.11.4), readr (>= 0.1.0),\ntibble"
## hexbin "lattice, grid, graphics, grDevices, stats, utils"
## highr NA
## Hmisc "methods, latticeExtra, cluster, rpart, nnet, acepack, foreign,\ngtable, grid, gridExtra, data.table, htmlTable (>= 1.11.0),\nviridis, htmltools, base64enc"
## hms "methods, pkgconfig, rlang"
## htmltab "XML (>= 3.98.1.3), httr (>= 1.0.0)"
## LinkingTo
## abind NA
## acepack NA
## AER NA
## askpass NA
## assertthat NA
## backports NA
## base64enc NA
## BH NA
## bindr NA
## bindrcpp "plogr, Rcpp"
## binman NA
## bit NA
## bit64 NA
## bitops NA
## blob NA
## bookdown NA
## callr NA
## car NA
## carData NA
## caTools NA
## cellranger NA
## checkmate NA
## cli NA
## clipr NA
## clisymbols NA
## colorspace NA
## cowplot NA
## crayon NA
## crosstalk NA
## curl NA
## data.table NA
## DBI NA
## desc NA
## devtools NA
## digest NA
## dplyr "BH (>= 1.58.0-1), bindrcpp (>= 0.2.0.9000), plogr (>=\n0.1.10), Rcpp (>= 0.12.15)"
## evaluate NA
## fansi NA
## farver "Rcpp"
## forcats NA
## formatR NA
## Formula NA
## fs "Rcpp"
## gapminder NA
## geosphere NA
## gganimate NA
## ggmap NA
## ggplot2 NA
## gh NA
## gifski NA
## git2r NA
## glue NA
## gridExtra NA
## gsubfn NA
## gtable NA
## hash NA
## haven "Rcpp"
## hexbin NA
## highr NA
## Hmisc NA
## hms NA
## htmltab NA
## Suggests
## abind NA
## acepack "testthat"
## AER "boot, dynlm, effects, fGarch, forecast, foreign, ineq,\nKernSmooth, lattice, longmemo, MASS, mlogit, nlme, nnet, np,\nplm, pscl, quantreg, rgl, ROCR, rugarch, sampleSelection,\nscatterplot3d, strucchange, systemfit (>= 1.1-20), truncreg,\ntseries, urca, vars"
## askpass "testthat"
## assertthat "testthat"
## backports NA
## base64enc NA
## BH NA
## bindr "testthat"
## bindrcpp "testthat"
## binman "testthat, covr, knitr, rmarkdown"
## bit NA
## bit64 NA
## bitops NA
## blob "covr, pillar (>= 1.2.1), testthat"
## bookdown "htmlwidgets, rstudioapi, miniUI, rsconnect (>= 0.4.3), servr\n(>= 0.3), shiny, testit (>= 0.5), tufte, webshot"
## callr "cliapp, covr, crayon, pingr, ps, testthat, withr"
## car "alr4, boot, coxme, leaps, lmtest, Matrix, MatrixModels, rgl\n(>= 0.93.960), sandwich, SparseM, survival, survey"
## carData NA
## caTools "MASS, rpart"
## cellranger "covr, testthat (>= 1.0.0), knitr, rmarkdown"
## checkmate "R6, bit, fastmatch, data.table (>= 1.9.8), devtools, ggplot2,\nknitr, magrittr, microbenchmark, rmarkdown, testthat (>=\n0.11.0), tibble"
## cli "covr, fansi, mockery, testthat, webshot, withr"
## clipr "covr, rstudioapi (>= 0.5), testthat (>= 2.0.0)"
## clisymbols "testthat"
## colorspace "datasets, utils, KernSmooth, MASS, kernlab, mvtnorm, vcd,\ntcltk, shiny, shinyjs, ggplot2, dplyr, scales, grid, png, jpeg,\nknitr, rmarkdown, RColorBrewer, rcartocolor, scico, viridis"
## cowplot "covr, gridGraphics, knitr, rmarkdown, magick, maps, dplyr,\ntidyr, testthat, vdiffr, viridis"
## crayon "mockery, rstudioapi, testthat, withr"
## crosstalk NA
## curl "spelling, testthat (>= 1.0.0), knitr, jsonlite, rmarkdown,\nmagrittr, httpuv (>= 1.4.4), webutils"
## data.table "bit64, curl, R.utils, knitr, xts, nanotime, zoo"
## DBI "blob, covr, hms, knitr, magrittr, rprojroot, rmarkdown,\nRSQLite (>= 1.1-2), testthat, xml2"
## desc "covr, testthat, whoami, withr"
## devtools "BiocInstaller, BiocManager, bitops, covr (>= 3.2.0), crayon,\ncurl (>= 0.9), evaluate, foghorn (>= 1.0.1), gmailr (> 0.7.0),\nknitr, lintr (>= 0.2.1), mockery, pingr, MASS, pkgdown, Rcpp\n(>= 0.10.0), rhub, rmarkdown, roxygen2 (>= 6.1.0), rversions,\nspelling (>= 1.1), testthat (>= 1.0.2), whisker"
## digest "knitr, rmarkdown"
## dplyr "bit64 (>= 0.9.7), callr, covr (>= 3.0.1), DBI (>= 0.7.14),\ndbplyr (>= 1.2.0), dtplyr (>= 0.0.2), ggplot2 (>= 2.2.1), hms\n(>= 0.4.1), knitr (>= 1.19), Lahman (>= 3.0-1), lubridate,\nMASS, mgcv (>= 1.8.23), microbenchmark (>= 1.4.4), nycflights13\n(>= 0.2.2), rmarkdown (>= 1.8), RMySQL (>= 0.10.13),\nRPostgreSQL (>= 0.6.2), RSQLite (>= 2.0), testthat (>= 2.0.0),\nwithr (>= 2.1.1)"
## evaluate "testthat, lattice, ggplot2"
## fansi "unitizer, knitr, rmarkdown"
## farver "testthat, covr"
## forcats "covr, ggplot2, testthat"
## formatR "codetools, shiny, testit, rmarkdown, knitr"
## Formula NA
## fs "testthat, covr, pillar (>= 1.0.0), crayon, withr"
## gapminder "dplyr, ggplot2, testthat"
## geosphere "methods, raster"
## gganimate "magick, svglite, knitr, rmarkdown, testthat, base64enc,\nhtmltools, covr, transformr, av, png, gifski"
## ggmap "MASS, stringr, hexbin, dplyr"
## ggplot2 "covr, dplyr, ggplot2movies, hexbin, Hmisc, lattice, mapproj,\nmaps, maptools, multcomp, munsell, nlme, testthat (>= 0.11.0),\nvdiffr, quantreg, knitr, rgeos, rpart, rmarkdown, sf (>=\n0.3-4), svglite (>= 1.2.0.9001)"
## gh "covr, pingr, testthat"
## gifski "ggplot2, gapminder"
## git2r "getPass"
## glue "testthat, covr, magrittr, crayon, knitr, rmarkdown, DBI,\nRSQLite, R.utils, forcats, microbenchmark, rprintf, stringr,\nggplot2, dplyr, withr"
## gridExtra "ggplot2, egg, lattice, knitr, testthat"
## gsubfn "boot, chron, grid, lattice, quantreg, svUnit, tcltk, zoo"
## gtable "testthat, covr"
## hash "testthat"
## haven "covr, fs, knitr, rmarkdown, testthat"
## hexbin "marray, affy, Biobase, limma"
## highr "knitr, testit"
## Hmisc "chron, rms, mice, tables, knitr, ff, ffbase, plotly (>=\n4.5.6), rlang"
## hms "crayon, lubridate, pillar (>= 1.1.0), testthat"
## htmltab "testthat, knitr, tidyr"
## Enhances
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## AER NA
## askpass NA
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## bit64 NA
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## bookdown NA
## callr NA
## car NA
## carData NA
## caTools NA
## cellranger NA
## checkmate NA
## cli NA
## clipr NA
## clisymbols NA
## colorspace NA
## cowplot NA
## crayon NA
## crosstalk NA
## curl NA
## data.table NA
## DBI NA
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## devtools NA
## digest NA
## dplyr NA
## evaluate NA
## fansi NA
## farver NA
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## Formula NA
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## gapminder NA
## geosphere NA
## gganimate NA
## ggmap NA
## ggplot2 "sp"
## gh NA
## gifski NA
## git2r NA
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## gridExtra NA
## gsubfn NA
## gtable NA
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## hexbin NA
## highr NA
## Hmisc NA
## hms NA
## htmltab NA
## License License_is_FOSS
## abind "LGPL (>= 2)" NA
## acepack "MIT + file LICENSE" NA
## AER "GPL-2 | GPL-3" NA
## askpass "MIT + file LICENSE" NA
## assertthat "GPL-3" NA
## backports "GPL-2" NA
## base64enc "GPL-2 | GPL-3" NA
## BH "BSL-1.0" NA
## bindr "MIT + file LICENSE" NA
## bindrcpp "MIT + file LICENSE" NA
## binman "MIT + file LICENSE" NA
## bit "GPL-2" NA
## bit64 "GPL-2" NA
## bitops "GPL (>= 2)" NA
## blob "GPL-3" NA
## bookdown "GPL-3" NA
## callr "MIT + file LICENSE" NA
## car "GPL (>= 2)" NA
## carData "GPL (>= 2)" NA
## caTools "GPL-3" NA
## cellranger "MIT + file LICENSE" NA
## checkmate "BSD_3_clause + file LICENSE" NA
## cli "MIT + file LICENSE" NA
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## crayon "MIT + file LICENSE" NA
## crosstalk "MIT + file LICENSE" NA
## curl "MIT + file LICENSE" NA
## data.table "MPL-2.0 | file LICENSE" NA
## DBI "LGPL (>= 2)" NA
## desc "MIT + file LICENSE" NA
## devtools "GPL (>= 2)" NA
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## dplyr "MIT + file LICENSE" NA
## evaluate "MIT + file LICENSE" NA
## fansi "GPL (>= 2)" NA
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## forcats "GPL-3" NA
## formatR "GPL" NA
## Formula "GPL-2 | GPL-3" NA
## fs "GPL-3" NA
## gapminder "CC0" NA
## geosphere "GPL (>= 3)" NA
## gganimate "MIT + file LICENSE" NA
## ggmap "GPL-2" NA
## ggplot2 "GPL-2 | file LICENSE" NA
## gh "MIT + file LICENSE" NA
## gifski "MIT + file LICENSE" NA
## git2r "GPL-2" NA
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## gridExtra "GPL (>= 2)" NA
## gsubfn "GPL (>= 2)" NA
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## hash "GPL (>= 2)" NA
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## [ reached getOption("max.print") -- omitted 149 rows ]
update.packages("psych")
중복되는 함수와 변수
- 다음의 예를 보자.
package:psych와package:car에는 모두logit이라는 이름을 가진 함수가 있다. 이 둘을library()를 사용하여 모두 메모리에 불러들였을 때logit은 어떤 패키지의logit을 가리키게 될까?- 그냥
logit()을 쓰면 가장 최근에 불러온 패키지의 함수가 실행된다. - 이 둘을 구분하려면 함수명 앞에 패키지 이름을 적고
::로 패키지와 함수를 연결한다.
- 그냥
library(psych)
## ## Attaching package: 'psych'
## The following object is masked from 'package:car': ## ## logit
library(car) # car : Companion to Applied Regression
psych::logit(60)
## Warning in log(p/(1 - p)): NaNs produced
## [1] NaN
car::logit(60)
## [1] 0.4054651
logit(60)
## Warning in log(p/(1 - p)): NaNs produced
## [1] NaN
- Ref) Fox, J. and Weisberg, S. (2019) An R Companion to Applied Regression, Third Edition, Sage.
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